KARMA: Training-Free Knowledge-Atomic Harness Evolution for Industrial Advertising Agents

Abstract

Industrial advertising agents must continually adapt their decision knowledge to changing product offerings, traffic patterns, and operating policies. We present KARMA (Knowledge-Atomic, Regression-Gated Modular Adaptation), a training-free framework that evolves six typed knowledge modules while keeping model weights and executable harness code frozen. During our evolution, a deterministic Trace Verifier maps observed errors to candidate modules, and a Critic compares successful and failed trajectories to guide a tool-constrained Evolver. The Evolver applies atomic knowledge edits, which a fixed validation gate retains only when their measured gain reaches a threshold; otherwise, the previous knowledge state is restored. We evaluate KARMA with three LLM families on cases sampled from a corpus of approximately half a million real-world operation logs across six e-commerce domains. Across 18 domain--model settings, KARMA raises the average hold-out score from 30.19 to 39.15 (+8.96 points, +29.7%). Ablations show that removing either successful or failed trajectories more than halves the average hold-out gain. Evolved knowledge also transfers across domains without further adaptation, yielding an average hold-out gain of 8.54 points across all source--target pairs. By linking retained patches to their diagnostic evidence and validation outcomes, KARMA supports inspectable, reversible knowledge adaptation for agents in Web marketplaces.