TL;DR
This narrative review summarizes the major symptom-based and polysomnographic phenotypes of OSA, examines their association with the underlying physiological traits, and considers the implications for treatment selection.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder that drives substantial cardiovascular, metabolic, and cerebrovascular morbidity through recurrent cycles of intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. Globally, OSA affects close to one bil...
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep. These disorders include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), hypoventilation syndromes, primary snoring, and upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). These disorders di...
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder with nocturnal oxygen desaturation that is often associated with multisystemic sequelae such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and increased morbidity and mortality. Obesity has been proposed as a modifiable risk factor; hence, the recen...
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multisystem disease whose clinical impact extends beyond nocturnal respiratory events. Although the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) is widely used to classify disease severity, this parameter does not adequately reflect the functional, symptomatic, and quality-of-life burden e...
The asthma-obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) overlap is a clinically important phenotype, especially in patients with severe or difficult-to-control asthma. Rather than a simple coexistence of independent conditions, this overlap represents a distinct clinical entity modulated by shared pathobiological pathways. This revie...
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with hypertension, yet the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), while it defines the presence and frequency of respiratory events, predicts cardiovascular risk less reliably in the individual patient than metrics that incorporate the depth and duration of hypoxic exposure. Pa...
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