Assessment of Coffee Compost with the Combined Effect of Different Agricultural Wastes Material for Yield Production of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius)
Aug 2026· Phytopathogenomics and Disease Control· Vol 5, pp. 93-104· 0 citations
Abstract
Agriculture plays a vital role in Pakistan’s economy; however, increasing population growth and rapid urbanization have created major challenges related to food security, sustainable waste management, and agricultural productivity. Mushroom cultivation, particularly Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius), offers a sustainable approach to address these issues due to its nutritional value, economic importance, and ability to grow on lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. Agricultural by-products such as wheat straw, cotton compost, spent coffee grounds, and pomegranate peels contain nutrients and fiber components that may support mushroom growth and improve substrate quality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different substrate combinations on the growth and yield performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius under controlled conditions. Different treatments consisting of wheat straw, cotton compost, spent coffee grounds, and pomegranate peels were prepared and assessed using growth and yield parameters, including mycelial colonization, pinhead formation, fruiting body development, and mushroom yield. The study hypothesized that supplementation of conventional substrates with nutrient-rich agricultural wastes could enhance mushroom production efficiency. The results indicated variations among substrate treatments in terms of growth and production performance. Substrates supplemented with pomegranate peels and spent coffee grounds showed comparatively improved mushroom growth and yield characteristics compared to other treatments. These findings suggest that agricultural waste-based substrate combinations may enhance the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus pulmonarius while also contributing to sustainable recycling of agro-industrial residues.
Keywords: Food security, urbanization, oyster mushroom, pomegranate and coffee grounds.
Global demand for horticultural commodities, particularly Bird’s Eye Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.), continues to increase due to their function as a household food ingredient and a source of bioactive compounds with health benefits. In Indonesia, Capsicum frutescens are a strategic commodity that influences inflation, making increasing productivity a crucial part of national food security. However, low soil fertility and high dependence on inorganic chemical fertilizers hamper productivity while increasing production costs and environmental pressures. Sustainable fertilization using local organic resources is an important strategy to improve soil health and plant performance. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and Azolla microphylla compost on Capsicum frutescens growth and yield, by simultaneously assessing five parameters: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, and fruit production. The experiment was conducted in Langgomea Village, Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi, with chili seedlings planted in 25 cm polybags containing a mixture of local garden soil and rice husk charcoal (2:1 v/v). A factorial Randomized Complete Block Design was applied with LOF (0, 10, 20, 40 ml/L) and compost (0, 10, 20, 40 g/plant), resulting in 16 treatment combinations, each replicated three times (a total of 144 plants). Growth and yield data were recorded weekly for 12 weeks; harvesting was carried out from the first to the last harvest. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and LSD at a significance level of 5% with R 4.3 and SPSS 28, provides a scientific basis for sustainable organic fertilization strategies and optimization of local resources. The results showed that the combination of LOF and Azolla microphylla compost significantly affected all growth and production parameters of Capsicum frutescens. The highest plant height was achieved in the P3K3 treatment (83.67 cm), followed by an increase in stem diameter to 136 mm, number of leaves to 104, and number of branches to 31.33. This increase in vegetative growth is in line with the high nitrogen and phosphorus content of Azolla, which supports cell formation, chlorophyll, protein, and nucleic acid synthesis. It was also found that Capsicum frutescens L. fruit production increased significantly with the combination of LOF and compost, reaching the highest average of 108.67 kg per plant in the P2K3 treatment. This confirms that the application of Azolla-based organic fertilizer provides sufficient nutrients, increases photosynthesis, biomass, and fruit yield accumulation. The interaction of liquid fertilizer and compost provides optimal synergistic effects for vegetative growth and plant productivity in the field. These findings bridge the research gap regarding the simultaneous use of liquid fertilizer and Azolla compost on Capsicum frutescens L., in humid tropical agroecosystems, while also providing practical implications for sustainable organic fertilization strategies. Application of these findings can improve resource efficiency, reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, and support environmentally friendly tropical horticultural management.
Keywords: Bird’s Eye Chili, liquid organic fertilizer, Azolla microphylla compost, fruit yield, humid tropical agroecosystem, sustainable fertilization.
S. Suharjo, Ulyasniati Ulyasniati· Journal of Global Innovation...· 0 citations
Agriculture plays a key role in global food production, whereas organic waste management remains an important environmental challenge. Organic residue-derived compost represents a sustainable strategy for nutrient recycling, soil fertility improvement, and reduced reliance on synthetic fertilizers in horticultural systems. This study systematically reviewed the scientific literature on the application of compost in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivation to evaluate its effects on agronomic performance and production systems. A database search from 2004 to July 2025 identified 86 studies that met the predefined eligibility criteria. The analysis showed an increasing trend in research over the last two decades, with publications peaking in 2021. Most studies were conducted in Latin America, particularly in Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil, highlighting the relevance of the cherry tomato crop. The application of compost was associated with improved plant growth, nutrient availability, and crop productivity. The production cycles ranged from 37 to 220 days, with shorter cycles commonly observed in tropical environments. Rice husk compost is among the most frequently used organic amendments. Overall, compost represents an effective strategy to enhance agronomic performance and promote sustainable cherry tomato production worldwide.
Andrés Reyes Rodríguez, Silvia A. Quijano, S. Arango-Varela et al.· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
The valorization of lignocellulosic residues and unconventional plant biomass offers a promising strategy for sustainable mushroom production within a circular bioeconomy framework. This study evaluated the suitability of four substrates, namely wheat straw, Typha latifolia (cattail) biomass, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus biomass, and coffee waste, for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The effects of two concentrations of glucose and potassium oxide on fungal colonization and fruiting performance were investigated under laboratory-scale conditions. The hypothesis was that substrate composition and nutrient supplementation would differentially influence mycelial development and mushroom production. Mycelial growth was evaluated through daily measurements of colony expansion, whereas fruiting performance was assessed through mushroom yield. Substrate type significantly affected both mycelial growth and yield. A. mauritanicus showed high potential for mycelial colonization, particularly after supplementation with glucose (20 g/L) or potassium (10 g/L). For fruiting body production, potassium supplementation improved cattail performance, with the highest yield obtained with 20 g/L potassium. Glucose and potassium supplementation also enhanced the productivity of A. mauritanicus. All tested fertilization concentrations increased P. ostreatus fructification from 1.5 to 8%, except when glucose was added to the coffee waste substrate. The tested supplementation rates had substrate-dependent effects, confirming that nutrient addition did not produce a universal response. Mineral analysis of harvested mushrooms revealed differences in nutritional composition among treatments. These results highlight the potential of cattail and A. mauritanicus biomass as alternative substrates for P. ostreatus cultivation. Further economic feasibility studies are required before scale-up applications.
A. Slama, F. Mezni, M. Khammassi et al.· Environment and Resource· 0 citations
The increasing generation of lignocellulosic agricultural residues presents both an environmental challenge and an opportunity for resource recovery within the circular bioeconomy. In Tanzania, banana leaves and sugarcane bagasse are among the most abundant biodegradable wastes generated from agricultural activities, local markets, and sugarcane juice vendors. These residues are commonly disposed of through open dumping or burning, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, environmental pollution, and the loss of valuable biomass resources. This study investigated an integrated biomass valorization strategy that converts banana leaves and sugarcane bagasse into edible oyster mushrooms and nutrient-rich biofertilizer through a circular resource recovery pathway.
Four substrate treatments were evaluated for physicochemical properties, mushroom growth, yield, nutritional quality, and spent-substrate compost quality. Substrate composition significantly affected performance. Although pure banana leaves supported the fastest mycelial colonization, the 2:1 banana-leaf-to-bagasse mixture produced the highest biological efficiency (60%), cap diameter (8.0 cm), and crude protein content (31.0%). It also generated the best compost, containing 1.5% nitrogen, 0.7% phosphorus, 2.0% potassium, and a 16:1 C:N ratio. The findings demonstrate a practical, low-cost strategy for Tanzania and comparable regions, reducing agricultural waste, producing nutritious food, improving soil fertility, supporting climate-smart agriculture, and advancing SDGs 2, 11, 12, and 13.
Lightness Mrema· International Journal For Mu...· 0 citations
Low soil fertility and soil acidity are major constraints limiting chilli production in tropical regions, necessitating sustainable soil amendment strategies that utilize locally available biomass resources. Unlike previous studies that primarily evaluated individual biochar feedstocks, this study investigated integrated formulations combining six locally available agricultural- and marine-derived biochars enriched with goat manure and moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf extract to enhance soil fertility and early chilli growth under acidic tropical soil conditions. This study evaluated the effects of different combinations of agricultural and marine waste-derived biochars, goat manure, and moringa leaf extract on soil chemical properties and the early growth of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated under field conditions using polybags. The experiment was conducted from July to September 2024 in Lalowiu Village, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, using a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of various combinations of rice husk, corn cob, empty oil palm bunch, sago pulp, durian shell, and seaweed biochars enriched with goat manure and moringa leaf extract. Soil chemical properties and plant growth variables were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% probability level. The integrated amendments improved soil fertility by increasing soil pH from 4.60 to 5.06, soil organic carbon from 0.76% to 1.12%, total nitrogen from 0.08% to 0.17%, available phosphorus from 6.23 to 11.73 mg 100 g⁻¹, and exchangeable potassium from 9.42 to 11.23 mg 100 g⁻¹. Significant improvements (P < 0.05) were also observed in vegetative growth. The B1 treatment produced the greatest leaf area (5.92 cm²), plant height at 20 and 30 days after transplanting (22.61 and 30.09 cm, respectively), and shoot dry weight (3.71 g), whereas root dry weight was not significantly affected. These findings demonstrate that integrated biochar formulations enriched with goat manure and moringa leaf extract effectively improve soil fertility and promote early chilli growth, providing a sustainable approach for managing acidic tropical soils through the utilization of locally available biomass resources.
Keywords: Cation exchange capacity, pyrolysis feedstock, rhizosphere processes, carbon stabilization, tropical agroecosystems.
A. Bahrun, L. Afa· Journal of Global Innovation...· 0 citations
Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of the key oilseed crops worldwide, serving as a vital source of edible oil, livestock feed, and biofuel. In Afghanistan, canola production faces significant challenges due to declining soil fertility and over-reliance on expensive chemical fertilizers. Poultry manure, as a low cost and nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, offers a sustainable alternative for improving crop productivity. However, limited scientific information is available regarding the optimal poultry manure application rate for canola under Kabul’s agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, an experimental research was conducted at Kabul University Agricultural Research Farm during the 2025 cropping season using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments. The study aimed to evaluate Effects of Different Levels of Poultry manure on Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Canola. The findings of the study revealed that the application of poultry manure significantly influenced on growth, yield and yield components of canola. Overall, the application of 8-ton poultry manure ha-1 had better performance than control. The maximum plant height (117.45 cm), number of branches plant-1 (5.65), number of leaves plant-1 (39.77), number of siliques plant-1 (184.61), silique length (6.01 cm), number of seeds silique-1 (18.39), thousand seed weight (3.40 g), seed yield (2.74 t ha⁻¹), biological yield (9.87 t ha⁻¹), and harvest index (27.76%) were all recorded in T4. The lowest values for all parameters were observed in the control treatment (T1). It is recommended that use 8 tons of poultry manure ha-1 in order to realize optimal seed yield and biological yield of the crop.
Murtaza Nabizada, A. Afghani· International Journal of Cur...· 0 citations