$\Phi$asmaNet: A Staged Spectral Token-Refinement Architecture for Fast Gravitational-Wave Signal-to-Noise Ratio Prediction

Abstract

Quantifying selection effects in gravitational-wave population studies requires millions of costly signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations. We present $\Phi$asmaNet, a compact neural architecture for structured tabular regression, with staged spectral refinement as an explicit architectural prior. Learned input tokens are refined through ordered attention-based $\Phi$-Stages, each augmented by a $\Phi$-Refractor subspace-mixing module, then revisited through gated top-down $\Phi$-Feedback. Applied to the 11-dimensional parameters of precessing, higher-mode binary black hole signals (IMRPhenomXPHM), it predicts phase-averaged optimal SNR for a single detector at fixed Advanced LIGO design sensitivity. With approximately 732k parameters, it outperforms MLP, 1D-ResNet and Transformer-encoder baselines under matched training across $10^5$--$10^6$ samples. At $10^6$ samples, it achieves $100-\mathrm{MAPE}=98.73\%$ on the held-out test set, $99.29\%$ after rank-preserving monotonic (PCHIP) calibration, and $99.39\%$ ($R^2=0.9998$) in the detection-relevant regime $\rho>8$, with stable accuracy across independent dataset realizations. On a single GPU, it sustains approximately $1.2\times10^5$ SNR evaluations per second and processes a $10^6$-injection catalogue end-to-end in approximately 8.3 s, about two orders of magnitude faster than conventional waveform-and-inner-product calculations on a 16-core CPU. Exact distance rescaling through $\rho\propto1/d_L$ supports repeated catalogue-wide detectability evaluations. The fully documented pipeline is intended as a reproducible benchmark, while results on public tabular datasets indicate competitiveness beyond gravitational-wave applications. Although demonstrated for a fixed single-detector configuration, the construction supports extensions to detector networks and epoch-specific sensitivities. (Abridged)