Green Human Resource Management as a Strategic Driver of Organizational Sustainability

Abstract

Green human resource management (GHRM) is a strategic approach to integrating environmental objectives into human resource management and promoting organizational sustainability. This review examines GHRM practices, green innovation, and net-zero workforce transformation through a keyword-driven search of peer-reviewed literature and narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that green recruitment, training, performance management, rewards, and employee involvement can support environmental performance when implemented as an integrated system. Green innovation provides an important pathway connecting GHRM with environmental and organizational outcomes. However, its effectiveness depends on leadership commitment, organizational culture, stakeholder pressures, and employee capabilities. The review also identifies uneven implementation and limited attention to social sustainability, economic performance, employee well-being, and workforce transformation. GHRM should therefore be integrated with measurable sustainability objectives while protecting employee well-being and supporting a just transition. Future research should improve methodological transparency and investigate the long-term effects of GHRM across diverse organizational contexts.