It is revealed that many crucial agronomic traits are polygenic in their mode of inheritance, and the hidden genetic links make selection weak and uncertain, and the application of molecular tools such as CRISPR/Cas genome editing, speed breeding, pan-genomics, artificial intelligence, and high-throughput phenomics provides sustainable solutions to these challenges in cereal improvement.
Abstract
Rice, wheat, and maize cereals are the major foundation of global food security. However, climate change makes it more challenging to achieve high crop yield, the challenge occurs due to improper management of cereal diseases and pests, and limitations of traditional breeding processes. This study aimed to update the process, limitations, and prospects of molecular tools for cereal breeding, and to explore the significance of marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcrossing, gene pyramiding, genomic selection, and modern breeding for improving yield, stress tolerance, and grain quality of cereals. Based on recent studies, we have explored the advances and applications of high-throughput genotyping platforms like the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and genotyping by sequencing technology in cereals. In this study, we found several limitations, such as a low number of studies with large amounts of data, genotype-environment interactions, lack of study findings at the field level, cost implications, and integration of complex multi-omics data. This study further reveals that many crucial agronomic traits are polygenic in their mode of inheritance, and the hidden genetic links make selection weak and uncertain. However, the application of molecular tools such as CRISPR/Cas genome editing, speed breeding, pan-genomics, artificial intelligence, and high-throughput phenomics provides sustainable solutions to these challenges in cereal improvement. The application of these modern breeding tools, combined with microbiome-assisted breeding and agricultural technologies in precision cereal breeding, opens new opportunities for enhancing yield and climate-smart, sustainable cereal production for global food and nutrition security.
Wheat is one of the world’s main crops. Its improvement is pivotal given the threat of climate change and the growing population. However, enhancing breeding efficiency and improving wheat are challenging due to strong genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions and the biological complexity underlying the wheat genome and key agronomic traits. In this context, predictive frameworks and data-driven approaches can offer new strategies to address these challenges. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in wheat breeding, highlighting emerging predictive frameworks and their contributions to modern breeding pipelines. First, we report on genomic selection (GS) applications, emphasizing GS’s ability to improve complex traits by shortening the breeding cycle and increasing selection accuracy. We then describe the applications of phenomics in wheat breeding, including both ground- and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs)-based systems. We also discuss the potential for implementing multi-omics strategies to improve complex wheat traits. We debate how predictive breeding frameworks can assist in identifying the best parents and crosses in wheat breeding. Finally, we presented the latest panorama of software for predictive breeding and its integration with other technologies. This review reports recent advances demonstrating how predictive frameworks are reshaping wheat breeding methods, highlighting current progress and outlining future opportunities to accelerate genetic gain in wheat improvement.
P. Vitale, Karim Ammar, Flávio Breseghello et al.· WheatOmics· 0 citations
A comprehensive analysis of the methodological, theoretical, and practical frameworks underlying molecular-marker applications in modern plant breeding is provided, offering a thorough perspective on how molecular biotechnology can be optimized to ensure future global food security.
Eva Jansen· International Journal of Com...· 0 citations
By combining genomic data with precision breeding techniques, researchers are developing crops that are better adapted to a growing population and a changing climate, positioning the integration of molecular breeding and bioinformatics as a central pillar of future global food security.
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Z. Sarfraz, Muhammad Mujahid et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
Wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It supplies nearly 18–20% of global dietary calories and protein, sustaining the food security of over 2.5 billion people. Global food demand is projected to increase by 35–56% by 2050, placing additional pressure on wheat production and improvement programmes and making genetic improvement an urgent priority. This review synthesizes current advances in wheat genetics, genomics, and breeding. It discusses the origin and domestication of wheat, as well as the structure of the allohexaploid genome (AABBDD; 2
n
= 6
x
= 42). Major genes and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) governing yield, disease resistance, grain quality, and abiotic stress tolerance are critically reviewed. Key breeding approaches are evaluated, including doubled haploid technology, Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), Genomic Selection (GS), speed breeding, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Stability analysis methods, particularly the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model and the Eberhart–Russell regression, are discussed in the context of multi-environment trial evaluation. The integration of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), pangenomics, multi-omics, and high-throughput phenotyping for precision wheat improvement is also covered. This review focuses primarily on India, with special attention to the North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) and the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains. In this region, terminal heat stress and monsoon variability pose major production challenges. Key challenges and strategic recommendations for developing climate-resilient, high-yielding, and nutritionally superior wheat varieties are outlined.
Ashutosh Kumar, Sudhir Kumar, Mankesh Kumar et al.· Open Agriculture Journal· 0 citations
This review evaluates SB against the conventional pedigree framework; synthesises validated environmental parameters and crop-specific protocols; synthesises validated environmental parameters and crop-specific protocols; and examines principal SB applications in hybridisation, genomic selection, disease-resistance screening, and allele introgression.
V. Mladenov, Rada Šućur, B. Banjac et al.· Plants· 0 citations
This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of SNP discovery methodologies, tracing their development from early Sanger sequencing approaches to advanced next-generation sequencing technologies, including whole-genome resequencing, genotyping-by-sequencing, and high-density SNP arrays.
Yucong Geng, M. Z. Abideen, Alishba Shaukat et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
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