Securing IoT and Wireless Sensor Network Communications: A Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Layer 2/3 Tunneling and VPN Technologies in Linux-Based Edge Computing
Jul 2026· 2026 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Living Environment (MetroLivEnv)· pp. 85-89· 0 citations· 14 references
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) into industrial and critical infrastructures demands robust, secure, and efficient networking paradigms. This paper evaluates the performance and security implications of integrating Layer 2 and Layer 3 tunneling mechanisms with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and advanced VPN technologies (WireGuard, IPsec, OpenVPN) within the Linux kernel. We provide a rigorous mathematical modeling of network costs and overheads, focusing on the impact of Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) variations. Experimental results obtained via OpenWrt-based edge nodes demonstrate that while cryptographic protection is vital, improper MTU configuration can lead to catastrophic throughput degradation. We propose optimization strategies to ensure resilient data transmission in constrained IoT environments.
An adaptive edge gateway for ZigBee-based IoT networks that can switch between MQTT and CoAP as needed, and shows that adaptive switching improves packet delivery by 15–20% during faults in comparison to static setups and reduces recovery time without much extra overhead.
Ali H. BenHusein, Mohamed Buker· Comprehensive Journal of Sci...· 0 citations
A light cryptography technology is presented as a way of ensuring the safety of sensor data over radio transmission in 5G networks, premised on the pseudorandom number generators that are specially created to address the needs of the 5G systems.
Kamaldeep Kaur, S. Soni, Sarpreet Kaur· International journal of com...· 0 citations
Modern telecommunications networks and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are actively being integrated into industrial, urban, and household systems, increasing the requirements for data transmission reliability and security. Among the technologies that provide low power consumption and scalability in large-scale n...
Oksana Onyshchuk· Theoretical and Applied Cybe...· 0 citations
TRAIN is presented, a TOCTOU resilient attestation technique that synchronizes network-wide attestation, enables constant-time per-device reports, and remains resilient even when multiple devices are compromised.
Pavel Frolikov, Youngil Kim, Renascence Tarafder Prapty et al.· GetMobile Mobile Computing a...· 0 citations
A secure power WLAN architecture that combines Wireless Local Area Network Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure (WAPI) with Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is designed, suggesting that using WAPI authentication semantics as an input to SDN policy control can improve both access security and operational manageabi...
F.-Y.-K. Li, M. Guo, Z.-H. Liu et al.· Advanced Electromagnetics· 0 citations
Evaluated mobile RPL-based IoT networks under sinkhole attacks indicate that mobility intensifies attack impact, causing instability and performance degradation, emphasizing the need for mobility-aware security mechanisms.
Md. Ataullah, Naveen Chauhan· Journal of Information Assur...· 0 citations
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