Enforcement of the Code of Ethics for Election Organizers in Indonesia, Oman, and India from the Perspective of Prophetic Law and Dignified Justice

Abstract

The enforcement of the electoral code of ethics constitutes a fundamental pillar in safeguarding the integrity, independence, and accountability of electoral institutions within democratic states. However, ethical enforcement practices across different countries reveal divergent legal and moral orientations, as illustrated by Indonesia’s rising DKPP complaint backlog in the 2024 election, India’s selective ECI enforcement controversies, and Oman’s limited independent oversight in its 2023 election. This study aims to compare the mechanisms of ethical code enforcement among election organizers in Indonesia, India, and Oman, and to analyze how Prophetic Law can provide a normative and moral foundation for realizing Dignified Justice. The research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that India commands the strongest constitutional insulation despite broad operational ambiguities, Indonesia provides high procedural transparency yet remains politically vulnerable, and Oman maintains moral-religious consistency while completely sacrificing executive autonomy. The application of transcendence, liberation, and humanization values within Prophetic Law serves to refine formal ethical systems toward the realization of dignified justice. Unlike prior single-country or technology-focused studies, this research offers a comparative synthesis across three constitutional traditions, integrating Prophetic Law and Dignified Justice into a transformative enforcement model.