Inversion-driven mitochondrial gene rearrangements and their evolutionary implications in Littorinimorpha: insights from the Eunaticina papilla mitogenome

Complete mitochondrial genome of Mioscirtus w. wagneri (Eversmann, 1859) (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) and phylogenetic analysis

Nucleotide diversity and evolutionary rate analyses across mitogenomes of Oedipodinae revealed pervasive purifying selection acting on all 13 PCGs, which strongly supported M. wagneri as a monophyletic lineage within the subfamily Oedipodinae.

First complete mitochondrial genome of Uzelothrips scabrosus (Thysanoptera: Uzelothripidae) provides insights into gene rearrangements and phylogenetic position within Terebrantia.

The family Uzelothripidae is represented by a single genus Uzelothrips and can be distinguished from others by the presence of whip-like antennae, a circular ventral sensorium on antennal segment III, a well-developed tentorium, and a membranous ovipositor. Here, we generated the first complete mitochondrial genome of Uzelothrips scabrosus (15,674 bp) using next-generation sequencing to explore the gene rearrangements and phylogenetic relationships. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and two putative control regions. The genome exhibits strong AT bias (71.35%) with negative AT and GC skew. Codon usage analyses indicate a strong bias towards A/U-ending codons and influenced by both natural selection and mutation pressure. All PCGs were under purifying selection, with cox1 being the most conserved and nad4L the most variable. The gene order of the family Uzelothripidae is highly rearranged compared to the ancestral insect gene order. Comparative analysis revealed that gene block B was the most widely conserved, whereas the remaining gene blocks exhibited family or lineage-specific conservation patterns, reflecting extensive mitochondrial gene rearrangements during the evolution of the Thysanoptera. Moreover, 228 synapomorphic and 68 autapomorphic gene boundaries were identified across thysanopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenies indicated that the family Uzelothripidae is in a sister relationship with Stenurothripidae, and the Uzelothripidae + Stenurothripidae clade is sister to Thripidae. This study provides the first mitogenomic insights into Uzelothripidae and highlights the need for broader taxon sampling and nuclear genomic data to resolve deep evolutionary relationships within Thysanoptera.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Atypopenaeus stenodactylus and Its Phylogenetic Significance Within Penaeidae.

This study enriches mitogenomic resources for Penaeidae and provides new molecular evidence for resolving phylogenetic relationships within Penaeoidea.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Eurostus validus (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae): Genomic Features and Comparative Analysis

The first complete mitogenome of Eurostus validus is reported and indicates that both mutation pressure and natural selection shape codon usage bias, with natural selection playing a dominant role.

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis undermine the established taxonomic status of Modiolatus flavidus

The complete mitochondrial genome of Pammene nemorosa (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and its phylogenetic placement within Grapholitini

The intergeneric attraction of Pammene nemorosa to sex pheromone traps targeting the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), may compromise the reliability of pest monitoring in apple orchards, yet the evolutionary context of this behavioral overlap remains unclear. Here, we sequenced and characterized the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of P. nemorosa and assessed its phylogenetic position within the tribe Grapholitini. The circular mitogenome is 15,457 bp long and contains the canonical set of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes, with a gene order typical of ditrysian Lepidoptera. The genome exhibits a pronounced A + T bias (80.1%), and its 484-bp control region contains a tandem duplication of an approximately 215-bp sequence unit, with each repeat copy marked by an ATAGA motif. Phylogenetic analyses based on Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference consistently recovered P. nemorosa as sister to the Grapholita clade (G. dimorpha + G. molesta), with strong Bayesian support (posterior probability = 0.999), highlighting a potential discordance between its mitochondrial phylogenetic position and its current morphological classification within Pammene. These findings establish the first complete mitogenomic resource for P. nemorosa and provide a phylogenetic framework for interpreting its close evolutionary affinity with Grapholita species. Although mitochondrial data alone cannot establish the functional mechanisms underlying heterospecific pheromone attraction, the genomic resource established here provides a baseline for future integrative studies combining nuclear genomics, transcriptomics, and chemical ecology, and contributes to a broader understanding of the evolutionary relationships and ecological interactions within Grapholitini.