New strategies to enhance photodynamic therapy for solid tumors

Complementary cytotoxicity of GD2-targeted photoimmunotherapy and 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma

Combination of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Indocyanine Green in Photodynamic Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Vivo Study

The results indicated that the combined ALA+ICG-PDT approach produced the most sustained suppression of tumor growth and significantly prolonged animal survival compared with single-photosensitizer PDT, representing a promising strategy to enhance PDT efficacy for NMSC and other solid tumors.

Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Mechanisms, Photosensitizer Technology, Vitamin Modulation, and Rational Combination Design

Overall, PDT combination design should be guided by whether adjunctive agents support or undermine photosensitizer accumulation, oxygen availability, ROS-mediated cytotoxicity, and immune activation, when selected according to mechanistic compatibility.

Lysosome-Targeted Iridium(III) Photosensitizers Activate the Mitophagy−Ferroptosis Axis to Boost Two-Photon Photoimmunotherapy Against Hypoxic Cisplatin-Resistant Tumors

A hypoxia-tolerant dinuclear photosensitizer that couples two-photon PDT to ferroptosis and systemic antitumor immune activation is established.

Two-photon photodynamic induction of PANoptosis and immunogenic cell death for precision tumor eradication using a dual-organelle-targeted STING agonist.

This study addresses triple-negative breast cancer treatment by developing a photosensitizer, DBC, with a multiple-twist molecular architecture, offering broader readers an impactful paradigm for engineering multi-functional biomaterials to combat aggressive cancers.

Nanozyme-Driven Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling for Potentiated Phototherapy–Immunotherapy

A multifunctional manganese-based nanozyme loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) is developed to reprogram the immunosuppressive TME for potentiated phototherapy combined with immunotherapy and elicits robust immune memory to prevent recurrence and metastasis.