21st–Century Strategic Governance, Organizational Ethos, and School Outcomes in Public Elementary Schools in Bacoor City: Basis for a Proposed Context-Driven Sustainable Development Program
Abstract
The evolving demands of contemporary education have emphasized the importance of effective governance systems and strong organizational cultures in achieving sustainable school improvement. This study examined the relationship among 21st-century strategic governance, organizational ethos, and school outcomes in public elementary schools in the Schools Division of Bacoor City, Philippines. A quantitative descriptive–comparative–correlational research design was employed involving 390 respondents composed of supervisors, school heads, teachers, and non-teaching personnel. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using weighted mean, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlation, and other appropriate statistical procedures at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that 21st-century strategic governance was highly evident, with curriculum relevance and innovation and a safe, resilient, and sustainable environment identified as leading dimensions. Organizational ethos was highly observed, particularly in learner-centered orientation and inclusivity. No significant differences were found among respondent groups, indicating a shared perception of governance practices and organizational values. School outcomes based on OPCRF ratings were generally outstanding. Significant positive relationships were established between strategic governance, organizational ethos, and school outcomes. Although challenges were generally minimal, digital transformation, stakeholder engagement, and capacity development remain areas for continuous enhancement. The developed Context-Driven Sustainable Development Program was evaluated as highly suitable, acceptable, and feasible. The study highlights that strengthening strategic governance, digital readiness, collaborative practices, and values-driven organizational culture contributes to improved school effectiveness and sustainable educational development.