THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ЕNGLISH SPEAKING ACCURACY

Abstract

. This article examines the effect of cooperative learning principles on the development of English speaking accuracy among students in higher educational institutions. The study is grounded in the frameworks of Applied Linguistics and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), which emphasize interaction, meaningful language use, and learner-centered instruction as key conditions for improving oral performance. The research focuses on five core cooperative learning principles: Positive Interdependence, Face-to-Face Promotive Interaction, Individual Accountability, Interpersonal and Small Group Skills, and Group Processing. These principles structure classroom interaction in ways that increase student engagement, promote peer collaboration and provide continuous opportunities for meaningful spoken language practice. As a result, learners become actively involved in language production rather than passively receiving knowledge. The study also highlights the role of complementary instructional approaches integrated within cooperative learning environments. These include Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), the Presentation – Practice – Production (PPP) model, Focus on Form instruction, and corrective feedback techniques. These approaches help learners notice grammatical forms, practice them in context, and gradually improve the accuracy of spoken communication. Positive Interdependence encourages learners to work toward shared goals, while Face-to-Face Promotive Interaction promotes active verbal exchange and peer support. Individual Accountability maintains responsibility for each learner’s contribution, and Interpersonal and Small Group Skills facilitate effective collaboration. Group Processing enables learners to reflect on their performance and improve future interaction. The article argues that cooperative learning principles significantly enhance English speaking accuracy by increasing interaction, encouraging meaningful output, and creating a supportive learning environment. When combined with communicative and form-focused methods, cooperative learning becomes an effective framework for improving students’ spoken language accuracy in higher education contexts.