2026· Materials Research Proceedings· Vol 69, pp. 1544-1548· 0 citations
TL;DR
How communication within SoS architectures can be better structured, represented, and analysed through software engineering and agent-based modelling frameworks in the context of hierarchical and cooperative operational environments, where information exchange directly influences system performance and emergent outcomes is explored.
Abstract
Abstract. System-of-Systems Engineering (SoSE) studies how independent constituent systems interact to generate emergent capabilities. However, it is challenging linking the study operations and SoSE to software implementation and agent-based simulations. This paper considers communication as the primary architectural concern and examines how software architectures can improve SoS modelling and simulation. In particular, by relating software architectures to Observe–Orient–Decide–Act (OODA) loops, which are a promising structure for aligning communication, decision logic, and agent interactions with modular and traceable agent architectures. The goal of this work is to explore how communication within SoS architectures can be better structured, represented, and analysed through software engineering and agent-based modelling frameworks in the context of hierarchical and cooperative operational environments, where information exchange directly influences system performance and emergent outcomes.
Background
It is argued that many current approaches to governing agentic systems can be understood as the next generation of stabilizing structures developed to manage increasing coordination complexity.
The concept of Systems-of-Systems (SoS) has become increasingly important across domains such as engineering, defence, healthcare, and digital infrastructure, describing complex assemblies of independent systems that collectively deliver capabilities beyond individual components. However, the concept remains debated: a...
Pedro B. Água, A. Correia, António Gonçalves· AHFE International· 0 citations
Systems-of-Systems (SoS) engineering faces the intrinsic challenge of orchestrating cooperation among operationally and managerially independent Constituent Systems (CSs). This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on interoperability and integration mechanisms employed in SoS architectures across multipl...
Thyago Ferreira Vieira, R. Goldschmidt, M. C. Cavalcanti et al.· IEEE Access· 0 citations
Modeling of complex systems is based on established theories and concepts, but also on innovative constructions that harmonize the system with the requirements foreseen for its operating life. The problems of system interaction are concentrated at each coupling interface between them, where the harmonization of inputs...
Ioan Cuncev· Journal of Engineering Scien...· 0 citations
Recent industry practice has seen the rapid emergence of agentic systems composed of heterogeneous, tool- and LLM-mediated agent components, raising practical questions about inter-agent coordination and protocol design. This paper presents an implementation-grounded comparison of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) and t...
Ionut Predoaia, T. Vu, Konstantinos Barmpis et al.· arXiv.org· 0 citations
A unified, taxonomy-driven, and deployment-oriented survey of agentic AI systems, synthesizing recent advances through a modular reference architecture and a four-dimensional taxonomy that characterizes agents along the axes of autonomy, tool use, collaboration, and safety–governance is presented.
Sparsh Bajoria, Shreyanshu Ranjan, Adhitya M et al.· Cognitive Computation· 0 citations
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