Findings indicate significant changes in the IGF system in patients with T1D, and changes in IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels are thought to be related to the metabolic disturbances seen in T1D.
Abstract
Background
: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired β-cell function and insulin deficiency, with emerging evidence implicating dysregulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in its pathophysiology.
Aim
: This research aimed to explore the levels of total insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) in sera of Iraqi adult patients with T1D and correlate these findings with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and other biochemical parameters.
Materials And Methods
: A total of 160 participants, including 80 patients with a history of T1D and 80 healthy controls were recruited from the National Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah University. All Blood samples from both groups were analyzed for IGF-1, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA
1c
), Lipid Profile, and Renal Function Markers. At the same time, IGF-2 was assessed via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.
Results
: Statistical analysis shows significant differences in all studied factors between T1D patients and control groups (p< 0.001). Notably, IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in T1D patients (median: 147 mg/dl) compared to controls (median: 215 mg/dl). In comparison, IGF-2 levels were markedly elevated in patients (median: 1.15 mg/dl) versus controls (median: 0.37 mg/dl). Strong positive correlations were observed between FBS, HbA
1c
, and IGF-2, whereas negative correlations were found between these parameters and IGF-1. Additionally, BMI showed positive associations with FBS, HbA
1c
, and IGF-2 but negative associations with IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGF-2 Ratio.
Conclusion
: These findings indicate significant changes in the IGF system in patients with T1D. In particular, changes in IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels are thought to be related to the metabolic disturbances seen in T1D. However, larger, long-term studies are needed to better understand the clinical significance and potential biological mechanisms of these results.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its association with parameters related to insulin resistance, in patients diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional comparative study, patients were classified as simple (n = 30) or complex (n = 25) CSCR based on multimodal imaging findings. Following a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, fasting venous blood samples were collected for the biochemical analysis of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Subsequently, body mass index (BMI) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values were calculated for each participant.
RESULTS
Mean serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in simple and complex CSCR groups compared with controls (P < .05). No significant differences were observed among the groups in glucose, HbA1c, CRP, BMI, or HOMA-IR (P > .05).
CONCLUSION
Elevated IGF-1 levels in CSCR patients suggest that this growth factor may contribute to disease pathogenesis through mechanisms involving choroidal vascular permeability and retinal endothelial activity.
Naciye Tora, Gunhal Satırtav, Filiz Alkan Baylan et al.· Ophthalmic Surgery Lasers an...· 0 citations
C-peptide can be used as an appropriate index for identifying IR in T2DM patients with complications and illustrated the clinical utility of C-peptide in microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
K. Siddiqui, S. Joy, S. Nawaz et al.· Medicine· 0 citations
Higher levels and strong positive correlation between HbA1c and C-peptide-especially in diabetics-suggests increased insulin secretion in response to poor glycemic control and insulin resistance.
N. Sridevi, N. Chowdeswari, A. Navaneeta Lakshmi et al.· International Journal of Res...· 0 citations
Adipokines play an important role in metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation, and may provide distinct contributions to the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The differences in roles of the adiponectin-leptin ratio (ALR), visfatin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the various subtypes of diabetes are still not fully understood. This cross-sectional study involved 141 participants, divided into healthy controls (n = 47), patients with T1DM (n = 47), and patients with T2DM (n = 47). Serum adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, TNF-α, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum insulin levels were measured. The ALR was calculated. Insulin resistance and β-cell function were examined using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices. We performed group comparisons, correlation studies, logistic regression tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The differences observed were all statistically significant. Participants with T2DM showed a more adverse metabolic profile, characterized by greater waist circumference and higher levels of FPG, HbA1c, serum insulin, leptin, and TNF-α, along with lower levels of adiponectin and ALR. Participants with T1DM also exhibited altered adipokine profiles compared to controls, notably with increased levels of leptin and TNF-α. All diabetic groups had decreased levels of visfatin, with the T2DM group showing the largest reduction. ROC analysis demonstrated effective discrimination of TNF-α, ALR, and visfatin in this group. This study highlights the different inflammatory and adipokine profiles across diabetes subtypes. The assessment of these biomarkers enhances the understanding of metabolic differences between T1DM and T2DM. However, these findings are exploratory and require validation in large, controlled studies.
Bo Wu, Huixiang He, Jinlong Zeng et al.· Frontiers in Endocrinology· 0 citations
Serum C-peptide showed significant negative correlations with HbA1c, duration of diabetes, and daily insulin dose, and significant positive correlations with age at diagnosis and BMI, and may be useful as a supportive biomarker for individualized diabetes management.
D. J, D. R, D. R· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Background Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED), but the longitudinal behavior of circulating IGF-1 during and after therapy remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to describe serum IGF-1 dynamics in patients with TED treated with IGF-1R inhibitor teprotumumab N01 and to explore their relationship with glycemic changes. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 92 patients with moderate-to-severe TED treated with teprotumumab N01 who had longitudinal IGF-1 measurements were included. IGF-1 dynamics were characterized at infusion-based visits and during post-treatment follow-up. Glycemic changes were assessed using fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and glycated albumin (GA). Patients were classified by baseline glycemic status. Associations between IGF-1 metrics and glycemic changes were evaluated using multivariable linear regression for continuous glycemic outcomes and logistic regression for threshold-defined glycemic events, with sequential adjustment for age, sex, baseline glycemic markers, and baseline IGF-1 when applicable. Additional analyses were performed according to baseline glycemic status and baseline HbA1c quartiles. Results Baseline serum IGF-1 was 151.0 ng/mL (IQR 116.8–187.3). IGF-1 increased markedly after treatment initiation, with a median early-treatment peak fold change of 3.5 (IQR 3.0–4.3) and a median on-treatment peak concentration of 649.5 ng/mL (IQR 520.8–753.8), corresponding to a 4.2-fold increase from baseline (IQR 3.5–5.0). IGF-1 remained elevated during the first 3 months after the last infusion and then declined progressively, generally approaching baseline by 6–9 months or later. Glycemic markers showed modest increases, with median peak increases from baseline of 0.40% (IQR 0.20–0.77) for HbA1c, 1.63% (IQR 0.95–2.39) for GA, and 0.65 mmol/L (IQR 0.30–1.14) for FBG. Glycemic deterioration was most pronounced in patients with baseline dysglycemia. In contrast, neither baseline IGF-1 nor IGF-1 dynamic metrics were consistently identified as independent correlates of glycemic changes after adjustment for age, sex, and baseline glycemic markers and IGF-1. Similar findings were observed in subgroup and HbA1c quartile analyses. Conclusion Teprotumumab N01 treatment was associated with a substantial, early, and broadly reversible increase in circulating IGF-1 in patients with moderate-to-severe TED, but IGF-1 dynamics did not serve as an independent indicator of glycemic deterioration.
Wei Zhao, Lingli Zhou, Ying Gao et al.· Frontiers in Endocrinology· 0 citations