Forbush Decrease catalogue for Solar Cycle 25: 265-event catalogue, detection methodology, and 369 interplanetary disturbance episodes

Abstract

Supporting data for Mishra & Tyagi, "Analysis of Major Forbush Decrease Events during Current Solar Cycle in Association with Interplanetary and Geomagnetic Disturbances", submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. This deposit contains the event catalogue, methodology documentation and validation dataset underlying the study. Three files are included. Supplementary_Data_S3_FD_Catalogue_265events.csv — A catalogue of 265 Forbush Decrease events spanning 4 December 2018 to 24 July 2026, detected automatically from hourly pressure-corrected count rates at the Oulu and Moscow neutron monitors using a rolling 48-hour baseline, and retained only where independently confirmed at both stations. Each event gives onset time, per-station minimum times and magnitudes, two-station mean magnitude, and severity class (211 weak, k=2; 43 moderate, k=3; 11 severe, k=4), together with matched interplanetary and geomagnetic parameters from OMNI: peak solar wind speed, peak total magnetic field, minimum Dst, maximum Kp, peak southward Bz, and elapsed time since the preceding disturbance. Matched OMNI parameters are available for 264 of the 265 events; one weak-class event falls within an OMNI data gap. A preceding disturbance is identified for 189 events. Supplementary_Data_S4_Methodology.md — Documentation sufficient to reproduce the analysis independently: input data sources, the event-detection algorithm and its thresholds, interplanetary parameter-matching windows, the severity-scoring framework, the statistical validation procedures, and the software used. Includes a file manifest and the disturbance-population test counts as computed. Supplementary_Data_S5_Disturbance_Episodes.csv — 369 interplanetary disturbance episodes detected independently of the FD catalogue, spanning 8 December 2018 to 3 July 2026, of which 218 produced no detectable Forbush Decrease. For each episode: onset and end times, duration, peak solar wind speed and magnetic field, minimum Dst, maximum Kp, whether an FD was produced and its matched severity and magnitude, the kinematic and magnetic component scores, the two-component severity score, and the resulting classification outcome. This file supports the false-alarm and recall analysis reported in the paper. All analysis used open-source Python libraries. Neutron monitor data are from the Oulu Cosmic Ray Station, IZMIRAN and the Neutron Monitor Database (www.nmdb.eu); interplanetary and geomagnetic parameters are from NASA OMNIWeb.