Human–AI Collaboration and Digital Competency: Examining Their Roles in Shaping Employee Creativity and Job Performance in Indonesia's Technology Sector

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the nature of work by creating new forms of interaction between humans and intelligent systems. In the technology sector, human–AI collaboration and digital competence have become important capabilities that influence employees’ ability to innovate and achieve superior work outcomes. This study aims to examine the role of human–AI collaboration and digital competence in shaping employee creativity and work performance in the Indonesian technology sector. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 130 employees from technology-related organizations in Indonesia. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3. The results indicate that human–AI collaboration has a positive and significant effect on employee creativity and work performance. Digital competence also significantly influences employee creativity and work performance. Furthermore, employee creativity demonstrates the strongest influence on work performance. These findings highlight that AI adoption alone is insufficient to improve organizational outcomes; instead, the effectiveness of AI-driven transformation depends on employees’ digital capabilities and their ability to collaborate creatively with intelligent technologies. This study contributes to the literature on digital transformation by providing empirical evidence regarding the interaction between technological capabilities and human resources in improving workplace performance.