Tobamoviruses: Advances in Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Integrated Disease Management
TL;DR
This review dissects tobamovirus genome biology, and highlights the epidemiology of the emerging ToBRFV as a case study, along with an overview of detection and surveillance tools for tobamoviruses.
Abstract
Simple Summary The genus Tobamovirus comprises many highly damaging plant viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). These viruses infect diverse economically important crops, causing severe yield losses and substantial reductions in the commercial value of farm produce. In this review, we first dissect tobamovirus genome biology. We then detail the infection cycle and the host factors hijacked at each step. We also summarize recent findings regarding the ongoing “arms race” between viruses and plants: plants have developed multi-layered defense systems, and viruses have evolved counter-strategies to overcome these defenses. We further examine the genetic resistance and susceptibility factors, address how resistance-breaking variants threaten their durability, and synthesize their application through conventional breeding and genome editing. We also highlight the epidemiology of the emerging ToBRFV as a case study, along with an overview of detection and surveillance tools for tobamoviruses. Finally, we discuss control strategies at various stages of development and address both the translational bottlenecks and some solutions. By combining basic research with practical applications, this review provides valuable insights for developing sustainable management strategies for tobamoviruses.
