Bioactive Compounds of Ipomoea aquatica : Structure–Activity and Mechanistic Insights

Abstract

Ipomoea aquatica Forsk . a semi‐aquatic vegetable common in Asian diets, has recently gained scientific attention for its diverse phytochemical profile and therapeutic versatility. The species is a rich source of flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, carotenoids, and essential micronutrients that contribute synergistically to its bio‐functional activity. These metabolites demonstrate wide‐ranging effects, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and anticancer actions. Such outcomes are largely attributed to the regulation of oxidative balance, inflammatory mediators, and key metabolic enzymes. Owing to its nutrient composition, I. aquatica represents a potential functional food for combating oxidative and metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains limited due to inadequate pharmacokinetic characterization, extract standardization, and optimal dose determination. Innovative biotechnological strategies—such as nanoformulation‐based delivery and metabolic pathway optimization—offer promising routes to enhance its stability and efficacy. This review summarizes recent advances in the chemistry, structure–activity relationships, and biological mechanisms of I. aquatica , emphasizing its potential as a renewable phytochemical resource for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications.