AstraMoE-SR: Trajectory-Guided Diffusion for Blind Satellite Jitter Deblurring and Super-Resolution

Abstract

Pushbroom satellite imaging couples limited spatial resolution with platform attitude instability. Platform jitter produces spatially varying motion blur because each scan line is acquired under a different instantaneous attitude, while perspective geometry causes the same perturbation to induce different pixel displacements across the field of view. Existing blind restoration methods that assume a spatially invariant kernel and satellite jitter correction methods that rely on auxiliary observations are therefore not directly applicable. We present AstraMoE-SR, a single-image framework that jointly restores motion blur and spatial resolution without auxiliary measurements. Rather than estimating a blur kernel, we infer how the camera moved by reparameterizing degradation as a local exposure trajectory under pushbroom geometry. A conditional diffusion model estimates the trajectory distribution, mitigating the over-smoothing of high-frequency jitter by deterministic point estimation. The predicted trajectory conditions a pretrained latent diffusion backbone through trajectory-guided geometric alignment and spatially adaptive reconstruction. We further show that the remaining point-wise trajectory error is consistent with intrinsic jitter-phase ambiguity that is not resolved by increasing estimator capacity. On all 1,411 DOTA-v1.0 images degraded using our physically motivated forward model, AstraMoE-SR is the only evaluated method to outperform the no-restoration baseline across every fidelity metric, improving on StableSR by 0.64 dB PSNR, 15.2% LPIPS, and 0.091 DINO feature similarity. Reconstructions conditioned on predicted trajectories differ negligibly from those using ground-truth trajectories, indicating that the estimates retain the degradation information required for effective restoration.