DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM - A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Research has shown that digital transformation is reshaping labor markets, education systems, and social structures in emerging economies, including Vietnam, and that while digital technologies create opportunities for productivity growth and innovation, unequal access to digital infrastructure and skills may widen social disparities. This paper presents a structured literature review examining the relationship between digital transformation, social inclusion, and human capital development, with a focus on Vietnam’s policy and socioeconomic context. Drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles and reports from the World Bank, World Economic Forum, and UNESCO, as well as national policy documents, this study applies a clearly defined literature search strategy, including database selection, keyword combinations, and inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure transparency and rigor. The study synthesizes evidence across three dimensions: (1) digital skills and employability, (2) access to digital education and lifelong learning, and (3) structural barriers such as rural–urban inequality and gender gaps. The review suggests that inclusive digital transformation requires coordinated investment in education reform, workforce reskilling, and digital governance.