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artificial intelligence

19,710 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

POSEIDON: Scaling Training Environments for Scientific Agents from Code Repositories

Training environments remain a major bottleneck for agents in data-driven scientific discovery. Existing collections of executable and verifiable training environments are small, and their construction remains difficult to scale. To address this limitation, we introduce Poseidon, an automated pipeline for generating di...

Qifan Zhang, Yuhan Li, Nuo Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When to Stop Penalizing Actions? Martingale GRPO for VLA Reinforcement Learning

A failed vision-language-action (VLA) rollout does not imply that every action contributed to failure. Yet in group-relative policy optimization (GRPO), a single trajectory-level advantage is assigned to all actions in a rollout. Potentially useful recovery attempts can thus be penalized alongside the errors they aim t...

Zongyao Zhao, Cheng-Jie Zhao, Ruihang Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

LeafSkill: Efficient Leaf-Level Action Grounding for Recursive LLM Agents

Recursive large language model (LLM) agents solve long-horizon tasks through decomposition, execution, and environmental feedback. Yet after producing an atomic subtask, they often invoke the same large model again to translate a familiar instruction into an executable action. We observe that high-level planning is tas...

Sheng-Chang Liu, Ze-Xin-Yi-Chun Zhou, Zhen-Guo Xu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DealsFlow: An Evidence-Gated Agentic Harness for Venture Capital Deal Triage

Large language models (LLMs) can read startup pitch decks, but letting them emit investment scores directly invites score inflation, run-to-run variance and rationales that are hard to audit. We describe DealsFlow, a human-in-the-loop agentic harness deployed at a UK early-stage fund. The LLM reads the deck, cites evid...

Ming Ze Tang, David Cutting, Boyd Carson et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adaptive Control of Scientific Instruments with Nonstationary Responses through Multimodal Agents

Controlling scientific instruments requires parameters to be adjusted progressively in response to feedback from successive operations. When unobserved operating conditions evolve with operational history, responses become nonstationary, and a static mapping from actions to responses becomes inadequate for decisions ac...

Guoyang Shi, Hongwen Li, Yiding Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FOCUS: A Lightweight Mamba-2 Model for EEG-Based Cognitive Workload Classification

Cognitive workload estimation from physiological signals is increasingly relevant in high-risk environments, where continuous and unobtrusive monitoring can inform adaptive systems and safety interventions. This paper presents FOCUS (Frequency-band Optimized Cognitive-load Ultralight SSM), a compact Mamba-2-based model...

Ioannis Kyprakis, Stefanos Gkikas, Chariklia Chatzaki et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TGR-EvoDAG: A DAG-based Multi-Agent Code Evolution Framework for Generative Recommendation on Tencent

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have enabled automated code evolution for algorithm discovery. However, current recursive self-improvement (RSI) research for sequential recommendation faces a dilemma: general-purpose frameworks lack domain-specific feedback, while recommender-specific frameworks rely on linear evolut...

Junlin He, Junzhang Zhu, Yudong Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

From Visual Affinity to Learning Credit in Multimodal Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) improves multimodal reasoning, but uniformly assigning a single response-level advantage to all tokens overlooks the distinct roles of visual observations and subsequent reasoning. Visual affinity alone is insufficient: predictive states may align with both image an...

Yu-Hang Han, Ding-Ning Liu, Yu-Jie Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Gain: Measuring Skill Internalization for Agent Skill Retirement

LLM agents retrieve skills from public hubs that hold up to about 100,000 entries and serve many models. As models improve, a hub must find the skills a given model has internalized, meaning it can do without them, and retire them for that model, yet internalization has not been measured with known reliability. Publish...

Yanze Wang, Pengfei Yao, Tianyi Sun et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Solvent: Long-Horizon Reasoning for Multi-Step Retrosynthesis

Multi-step retrosynthesis requires recursively transforming a target molecule through successive reaction steps into purchasable building blocks, and recent work has begun to draw on large language model (LLM) reasoning to tackle the task. In its latest evolution, LLM reasoning has entered the long-horizon regime: mode...

Yifei Wang, Botian Wang, YiFei Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DMAIC-Bench: From Self-Reflection to Self-Restraint for Agents in Multi-Stage Analytical Tasks

Multi-stage analytical tasks require LLM agents to use intermediate evidence to decide whether to continue, redirect or stop. Self-reflection, in which an agent critiques its output, is widely studied, yet a critique does not show whether evidence changed the next action. We call that capability self-restraint. Existin...

Shan Peng, Shuaiqi Cheng, Miao Peng et al. · 0 citations

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