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artificial intelligence

20,463 papers

#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Sep 2025

Domain-Specific Constitutional AI: Enhancing Safety in LLM-Powered Mental Health Chatbots

This work introduces an approach to apply Constitutional AI training with domain-specific mental health principles for safe, domain-adapted CAI systems in computational mental health applications.

Chenhan Lyu, Yu-Tong Song, Pengfei Zhang et al. · 7 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Low-Bit N-Gram Embeddings for Language Models

Many recent open-weight language models use n-gram embedding tables to improve performance. These tables store learned representations of short token sequences, such as pairs or triples of consecutive tokens, which the model retrieves during processing. However, they can require substantial memory: DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash,...

Stephen Chung, Wenyu Du · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

How Ground Truth Shapes Retrieval Scores: Evidence-Aware Evaluation of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation System for Breast Lesions

Purpose: To describe an evidence-aware retrieval evaluation protocol for a clinical retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system over breast lesion management literature, addressing the dependence of retrieval scores on annotation coverage. Methods: An 18-document corpus and an 18-query development benchmark, with one Y...

Miguel Mochizuki Silva, Samuel Ismael, Mateus C. Dias et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Oct 2026

The Geometry of Metaphor: Probing and Steering Metaphor Representations in Large Language Models

Metaphor is a crucial aspect of human cognition. As such, we would like to understand how it is represented in large language models (LLMs) and how it might be controlled. We use mechanistic interpretability techniques to identify causal subspaces in a range of LLMs covering different architectures and sizes. We show t...

Shi-Hui Li, Mette Friis Andersen, Martha Lewis · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Same Entity, Different Script: Diagnosing Cross-Script Entity Matching Failures in Language Models

Multilingual language models can give different identity judgments when the same people's names are written in different scripts. We study this effect using 601 audited identity pairs with attested Devanagari and Latin forms, holding the question and relation fixed. Qwen2.5-7B's same-person accuracy falls from 35.1% in...

Athira Gopal, Patil Prathamesh Pravin, Ankush Kadu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Open access Oct 2026

SurveyGraph: Generating Academic Surveys via Methods-Entity Knowledge Graphs

Most automated survey generation systems retrieve papers as flat documents, limiting their ability to capture research structure. We present SurveyGraph, a framework built around a Methods-Entity Knowledge Graph (MEKG) encoding method-level follow-on, competition, and shared-resource relations. The graph supports core-...

Yi-Fan Yuan, Yan-Cheng Zhu, Zuo-Yu Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Oct 2026

When LLMs Forget What They Believe: Characterizing State Integrity Collapse in Long-Horizon Dialogues

Results show that reliability cannot be inferred from single-turn instruction following alone; evaluation must track whether remembered constraints remain operational as dialogue state grows, and introduces StateTrack-Bench, a controlled suite of conversations covering numerical, format, role/persona, factual-memory, a...

Yan-Cheng Zhu, Yi-Fan Yuan · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Memory-Aware Reward Modeling: Learning Human Preferences for LLM Memory Use

Memory enables language model assistants to maintain continuity across sessions and generate personalized responses, but knowing more about a user does not necessarily produce responses they prefer. Existing evaluations assess memory capabilities without directly establishing whether memory use benefits the user. To st...

Yijiang River Dong, Ze-Xue He, Cheng Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Grammar of French Civil Cassation: A Ground-Level Dataset and Tool

This paper presents a dataset of 121,536 ground-reasons pairs across 86,464 rulings of the five civil chambers of the French Court of Cassation (2016-2025). An appeal on points of law cannot itself be appealed and often decides a case for good. Understanding how the Court rules is thus crucial and can help lawyers who...

Avrile Floro, Tamara Dhorasoo, Nils Holzenberger et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Pairwise Evaluation Misses: Reward Scores across Prompts

Reward models score responses for preference optimization, filtering and ranking, and pooling scores across prompts needs them to be comparable. Yet pairwise evaluation compares two responses to the same prompt, so any score component shared by a prompt's responses cancels and goes untested. We study this component by...

Mateusz Modrzejewski, Tomasz Radzikowski · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Harm Is Behavioural, Moderation Is Lexical: How Language and Culture Decide Whom Automated Safety Systems Protect and Whom They Silence

Content warning: this paper quotes slurs and hateful statements from published test suites; the racial slur among them is masked. Automated systems decide at scale which messages are harmful, and they decide unevenly. Classifiers label African American English as offensive up to twice as often as other English, the a...

Gabriel Lars Sabadin, Dr Nicola Harding, Sarah Kingston · 0 citations

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