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artificial intelligence

20,463 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agentic Verified Optimization of Real-World Software

Program optimization aims to improve performance while preserving behavior. Coding agents can already make programs faster by changing algorithms, data structures, and execution strategies. However, existing equivalence checks mostly rely on tests, which agents have been shown to exploit, passing the tests without pres...

Zhe Ye, Udaya Ghai, Zhizhen Qin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Detecting AI Training in Datacentre Power

A method to detect synchronous model training in facility-level power by Viterbi tracking of the wandering iteration cadence and a modest passive meter is sufficient to make hidden training both detectable and expensive, which makes power metering a promising part of compute verification that does not depend on trustin...

T. Kimpson, Mauricio Baker, Emlyn Graham · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

IRAH: Hierarchical Agentic Tree Search for Retrieval Pipeline Optimization

Optimizing Information Retrieval (IR) pipelines for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) requires jointly selecting structural components and numerical hyperparameters under limited evaluation budgets. We introduce the Information Retrieval Agentic Harness (IRAH), which combines Language Agent Tree Search for IR (LATS-...

Maria Ana Cardei, Aniket Singh, Amir Moghadam et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Cost of Saying Hello: An Empirical Study of Handshake Overhead in AI Agent Communication Protocols

Every interaction between AI agents begins with a handshake: the initiating agent must locate its counterpart, learn what it can do, and establish a session before the first useful message can be sent. Surveys of agent communication protocols name handshake overhead as an efficiency criterion, yet none report measureme...

Pranav Varshney · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cost-Aware Abstention for LLM-Based IT Ticket Classification

Wrong automatic routing of an IT support ticket can cost more than human triage. We evaluate cost-aware abstention as an offline, cost-conditional readiness assessment: select a routing policy on calibration data under explicit costs, then evaluate that frozen policy once on held-out test data. On a public 47,837-ticke...

Sachin Gupta · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

METTA: Memory-Enhanced Test-Time Adaptation for Meta-Reinforcement Learning

Meta-reinforcement learning aims to train agents that adapt quickly to unseen tasks from limited interaction, but this requires representing task evidence over long interaction histories. Classical recurrent agents compress experience into hidden states, while transformer-based agents retrieve from past trajectories at...

Ali Najar, Hosein Hasani, Amir Kooshan Fattah et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Causal Chain of Thought: Mitigating Attention Leakage via Context Isolation

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting elicits step-by-step rationales that appear to explain model predictions, but there is no guarantee these steps causally drive the final answer. In standard autoregressive generation, dense attention allows each reasoning step to attend to the full context, enabling the model to derive...

Gabriele Dominici, T. McMillan, Fazl Barez et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Questioning Instrumental Convergence in RLVR: Checkpoint Evidence from OLMo-3

Instrumental convergence is often invoked as a general reason to expect capable agents to acquire or express power-seeking subgoals: self-preservation, resource acquisition, deception, or resistance to oversight which poses an important threat to the society. For LLMs, reinforcement learning is the first stage of post-...

Bar{\i}\c{s} Alparslan, Sandy Tanwisuth, Caleb Petterson · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

When to Follow the Teacher: Advantage-Based On-Policy Distillation

Online Policy Distillation (OPD) often outperforms offline methods such as Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) by training on trajectories sampled directly from the student. However, standard OPD trains the student to follow the teacher at every state of the trajectory, assuming that teacher guidance is always beneficial. We...

Mahdi Sabbaghi, George Pappas, H. Hassani et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SABLE: Scalable Affine Bayesian Latent-space Exploration

It is shown that the off-span norm implicitly selected by affine EI can lead to underexploration, and SABLE instead prescribes it using a finite-horizon schedule, without restricting search to a learned subspace.

Erik Bodin, L. Kreusser, Donney Fan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Training Small Language Models for Transferable Tool Selection

As LLM agents operate over corpora of more than ten thousand tools, selecting the right tool for a complex multi-step user instruction becomes a central bottleneck. Tool descriptions cannot all fit in context, and relevance-based retrievers only rank tools without knowing which are actually needed. Recent work instead...

Zhao-Yi Zhou, Akshayaa Magesh, Jeongyeol Kwon et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Predictable performance is suboptimal, and what it means for model routing

This work takes a model's self-confidence, the probability it assigns to its chosen answer, as a baseline and study how much a performance predictor can improve on it, and shows that any performance predictor that outperforms a model's self-confidence can be used to improve the model's loss.

Guan-Hua Zhang, Moritz Hardt · 0 citations

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Hugging Face Blog Nov 10, 2026

Decision Models in Hugging Face

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