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20,463 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Jeva: System One Models from First Principles

System one models enable direct, low-latency decision-making. Yet recent practice of predicting an answer from serialized text does not, by itself, respect the structure of a decision problem. We argue that current designs underemphasize four important structural requirements. (i) null-aware: Models should distinguish...

Qi Li, Xinchao Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Beyond the Verdict: Agentic Code Judging with Verifiable Feedback

Test-time scaling for large language models (LLMs) can involve generating multiple candidate solutions for selection or revising an earlier attempt. To guide selection and revision, we need a verifier that can estimate candidate correctness and provide evidence of failure. In competitive programming, however, official...

Zheye Deng, Sha Li, Chang-Long Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unlocking Token Rewards via Training-Free Reward Attribution

In this paper, we propose an extremely efficient, training-free method to extract token-level reward signals directly from an existing deep reward model. Our core idea is to attribute the overall process reward to individual tokens by estimating each token's influence. This influence is defined as the change in the fin...

Sitong Wu, Haoru Tan, Bin Xia et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Knowing the User Is Not Knowing What We Established: Grounding Awareness in Personal Agents

Personal-agent memory has largely focused on learning what users know, prefer, and want. However, knowing the user does not necessarily mean knowing what the user and the agent have established together. An assistant's proposal should not become an authorized instruction merely because it is remembered. We introduce Gr...

Jiajun Chen, Xinyue Chen, Yicheng Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

To Align or Not To Align: Check Your COMPASS Before You Train

Combining pretrained models is a common strategy for building AI systems, whether by aligning a vision encoder with a language model or merging fine-tuned checkpoints. However, finding compatible pairs typically requires costly empirical search, as compatibility is known only after alignment or merging. We propose COMP...

Fabian Gr\"oger, Petar Damjanovi\'c, Maria Brbi\'c · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Two Routes to Interoceptive Prioritisation: Dissociating Likelihood Precision and Preference Reweighting in Active Inference

An embodied agent must prioritise among competing bodily needs. In active inference, it can respond to an urgent need by increasing the precision of information about that need or by increasing its preference for outcomes that relieve it. We compare these two interventions, separately and together, in a foraging gridwo...

St John Grimbly, Nicolas Kuske, Evert A. Boonstra et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Can an Agent Learn to Predict Its Own Failure? Outcome-Grounded Confidence Calibration in LLM Agents

Controlling an acting LLM agent means deciding, at each step of a long-horizon task, whether to trust its next action, abstain, or hand off to a human. That decision needs a per-step confidence signal predicting whether the current rollout will eventually succeed. The agent's own self-reported verbalized confidence is...

Ashutosh Hathidara · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Answer Voting: Fine-Grained Correction of LLM Reasoning through Graph Alignment across Sampled Traces

Large language models increasingly tackle tasks that require multi-step reasoning, where errors in intermediate claims can affect the final answer. Self-consistency (SC) improves reasoning by voting over sampled final answers, but its vote leaves intermediate disagreements unresolved. To address this problem, we introd...

Haotian Liu, Yingjian Chen, Xiaohang Xu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AgentStripes: An Evidence-Graded Maturity Model for AI Agents

Benchmarks report what an Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent can do on a task suite, but not whether one released version has been engineered with the controls that make it reliable, safe and observable, or how strongly that is shown. This paper proposes AgentStripes, an evidence-graded maturity model for AI agents. It...

Nutan Kumar Naik, Vijay Prasad Poudel, Aditya Kumar Saroj et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Auditing Future-Memory Use in Point-in-Time Language Agents

Point-in-time (PIT) agents can recall post-cutoff facts even when their external evidence respects a historical cutoff. We examine whether this access predicts evidence gathering in 48 historical company-comparison tasks. Independent closed-book revenue probes identify the better-remembered company for each model on ta...

Rong-Tian Ye · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Compare to Correct: Pairwise-Guided Logit Adjustment for LLM Test-Time Scaling

Sampling-based test-time scaling enhances LLM reasoning by aggregating multiple reasoning paths for the same query. Existing methods use answer frequencies or path confidence to compute candidate scores, which do not explicitly characterize comparisons between competing answers. Inspired by the Condorcet principle in s...

Cong Hua, Qian-Qian Xu, Zi-Tai Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Reading Right, Acting Wrong: Diagnosing Decision Failures of System One Models in Agent Loops

System One models choose an agent's next action by scoring a supplied set of options in a single pass. This makes them fast and cheap, but when they choose wrongly there is nothing to inspect: did the model misread what the agent has seen, or read it correctly and still act wrongly? We answer behaviorally. On a frozen...

Yubo Li, Ramayya Krishnan, Rema Padman · 0 citations

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Hugging Face Blog Nov 10, 2026

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