Category
387 papers
Deep learning has made rapid advances in weather forecasting: autoregressive models trained on atmospheric reanalyses now rival dynamical models across nowcasting, medium-range, and subseasonal-to-seasonal lead times, producing well-calibrated ensemble forecasts at reduced cost. We review these advances and consider th...
Language-model agents are increasingly asked to carry out open-ended scientific research, yet their results are usually graded against a known answer, a rubric, or a language-model reviewer, none of which can tell whether a new scientific model is valid. The AI Science Exam for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (SciExam for...
AI weather models are often reported to underestimate extremes, but most evidence concerns deterministic regression models verified against reanalysis. We evaluate twelve physical and AI forecast models against ECMWF IFS using ten months of European station observations. The evaluation covers 10 m wind, 2 m temperature...
Despite substantial progress in short-to-medium-range weather forecasting, predicting high-impact events such as flash droughts remains a key challenge for both early warning operations and physically-based subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction systems. Here we demonstrate that, for S2S soil-moisture forecasting ove...
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We present ClimateBench v2, a standardized protocol for evaluating climate models on diagnostics expected to be informative for their skill in projecting mid-century regional temperature and precipitation changes. The protocol is designed to evaluate any physics-based, data-driven, or hybrid climate model on equal foot...
Accurate high-resolution wind field simulations are critical for resolving fine-scale atmospheric dynamics, yet the simulation of wind fields in Earth System Models (ESMs) remains limited by coarse spatial resolution and systematic biases. To address this, data-driven down scaling techniques have been widely used to en...
Accurate modeling of the daily evolution of sea ice concentration (SIC) is central to improving the credibility and operational forecasting capability of deep learning-based sea ice prediction. However, existing deep learning methods often couple the underlying sea ice evolution relationships and data errors within hig...
The SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography) mission is currently providing unpreceded high-resolution measurements of Sea Surface Height (SSH), revealing ocean features at finer scales. Nevertheless, the two-dimensional observations of KaRIn altimeter of SWOT suffer from instrumental errors. This noise degradation is alt...
Time-dependent, three-dimensional (3D) oceanic multi-variables define coherent states of the evolving ocean to facilitate ocean diagnosis and advance ocean science to better inform environmental and hazard management. However, extracting quantitative evidence from these variables requires substantial and complex analyt...
Ocean wave forecasting is essential for maritime safety, offshore operations, and coastal resilience, yet remains challenging due to systematic biases in physics-based models. Physical models, while widely used, rely on approximations and parameterizations that limit their accuracy under complex ocean-atmosphere condit...
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) produce many of the world's most extreme precipitation events and hydrometeorological hazards. Although artificial intelligence weather prediction (AIWP) models have demonstrated skill comparable to or exceeding numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems for large-scale atmospheric variables, t...
We investigate how parameter-efficient adaptation of an atmospheric foundation model affects downstream regional precipitation in a controlled Aurora-WRF coupling experiment over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. A single-step, precipitation-weighted LoRA adaptation of AuroraPretrained is trained on May-September 2020-...
Accelerating the search for novel antimicrobial peptides using Google Antigravity for Science.
General Science
General Science
MIT Statistics and Data Science Center Director Alexander (Sasha) Rakhlin shares important considerations for departments and institutions.
MIT Statistics and Data Science Center Director Alexander (Sasha) Rakhlin shares important considerations for departments and institutions.
MIT Statistics and Data Science Center Director Alexander (Sasha) Rakhlin shares important considerations for departments and institutions.
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