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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Learning User Representations to Improve Simulation Fidelity

User simulators enable interactive training and evaluation of AI assistants at scale. Yet current simulators struggle to reproduce the diverse behaviors of real users, leading to assistants that generalize poorly to underrepresented users. We identify user representations as an underexplored bottleneck in user simulati...

Shuhaib Mehri, Philippe Laban, Michel Galley et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

alkhder at ImageEval 2026 Shared Tasks: Constrained Selection and Rotation-Averaged Logit Scoring for Multimodal Hallucination Detection

We describe our submission to Subtask~1b of ImageEval 2026. The task consists of selecting the single visually valid statement from three candidates paired with an image, and is in both English and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Our system uses a pre-trained 7B vision--language model in a zero-shot setting, without task...

Maher Pasa, Maria Hanini, Amro Najjar et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

AuditKIT: A Unified Evaluation Spine for Benchmarking, Judging, and Comparing Large Language Models and Agentic Systems

Evaluating language models and agents requires combining benchmark accuracy, judge-based assessment, runtime performance, tool-use behavior, and retrieval quality. Differences in interfaces, metric semantics, and trace formats complicate these comparisons and can hide failures in agentic workflows. We present AuditKIT,...

Shreeyans Arora, Utsav Avaiya, Zera Lyngkhoi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RealCLI: Toward a Unified Evaluation of Human-Agent Collaboration for CLI Agents

Command-line interface (CLI) agents increasingly execute longer-horizon tasks, yet existing benchmarks either assume that user instructions remain fixed throughout execution or evaluate task outcomes without capturing runtime collaboration quality. In this paper, we present REALCLI, a paired benchmark that unifies the...

Yunqi Liu, Peiyu Wang, Bingli Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Parallels to Divergence: Language Models' Learning of Action Nominal Constructions

Action nominal constructions (ANCs) express events in nominal form, with their argument marking following patterns found in clauses or ordinary noun phrases. In this paper, we investigate how different grammatical configurations affect language models' learning of ANCs and related constructions, and how these learning...

Iskar Deng, Shane Steinert-Threlkeld · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Embeddings Are Overpriced? A Frozen 16 MB Vocabulary for Small and Ternary Language Models

In a small language model the vocabulary is the single largest part. In Gemma 3 270M the embedding table holds 168M of 268M parameters, and because quantisation methods leave the embedding in 16-bit, it is also most of the file once the rest of the model is compressed. We ask what that table actually buys. We replace i...

Sai Kiran Bathula · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning to Reason About Implicit Multimodal Harm: From Diagnosis to Generalization

A benign image paired with a benign caption can become harmful only in combination, making detection fundamentally a cross-modal reasoning problem. Existing multimodal harm benchmarks evaluate only classification accuracy, leaving unclear whether models identify the cross-modal mechanism that produces harm. We introduc...

Anisha Saha, Varsha Suresh, Teodora Kamova et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RubricEM: Meta-RL with Rubric-guided Policy Decomposition beyond Verifiable Rewards

Deep research agents plan, search, evaluate evidence, and synthesize long-form reports. Training these agents with reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging because they operate over long horizons and their outputs lack exact answer verifiers. To this end, we introduce RubricEM, a unified RL framework for deep researc...

Gaotang Li, Bhavana Dalvi Mishra, Zifeng Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AutoPrunedRetriever: Persistent Reasoning Graphs for Efficient and Extensible Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a standard approach for knowledge-intensive LLM tasks. Complex reasoning remains challenging because queries often require composing dispersed evidence through multiple dependent reasoning steps. Yet existing RAG systems process queries independently, repeatedly retrievin...

Ning Wang, Kuanyan Zhu, Daniel Yuehwoon Yee et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Pro-AI Bias in Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed for decision-support across multiple domains. We ask whether these models favor artificial intelligence (AI) itself. We examine this question through three experiments. First, in open-ended advice across investment, study, career, and startup domains, AI is promine...

Benaya Trabelsi, Jonathan Shaki, Sarit Kraus · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rep2Text: Decoding Full Text from a Single LLM Token Representation

Large language models represent text as hidden numerical patterns, but what information these representations actually contain remains a mystery. Can we recover the original text from just one of them? In this paper, we introduce Rep2Text, a method designed to answer this question by reconstructing text from a single h...

Haiyan Zhao, Zirui He, Yiming Tang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Language steering in latent space to mitigate unintended code-switching

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit hallucinations such as unintended code-switching, reducing reliability in downstream tasks. We propose latent-space language steering, a lightweight inference-time method that identifies language directions via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on parallel transl...

Andrey Goncharov, Nikolai Kondusov, Alexey Zaytsev · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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