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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Group-Graph Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Group-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) has significantly enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) in agentic scenarios. To achieve finer-grained policy updates, recent agentic RL frameworks have shifted from trajectory-level to step-level training. However, long-horizon agentic RL suffers from severe reward sparsity and...

Yunan Wang, Minghui Song, Zihan Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CauTion: Knowing When to Trust LLMs for Ensemble Causal Discovery

Causal discovery from observational data remains challenging due to the fundamental limitations of purely statistical methods, such as statistical distinguishability within equivalence classes and sensitivity to finite sample sizes. While large language models (LLMs) offer a promising source of domain knowledge to comp...

Bo Peng, Kaiwen Wu, Sirui Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Two Minds Better Than One: Collaborative Reward Modeling for LLM Alignment

Reward models (RMs) are central to aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, yet noisy preference feedback can induce reward misgeneralization through spurious correlations and overfitting. We characterize the training dynamics of preference pairs and uncover a distinctive optimization signature of noise...

Jiazheng Zhang, Wenqing Jing, Zizhuo Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Behavioral Couplings: From Formation to Behavioral Emergence in Language Models

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) can induce behaviors beyond those explicitly targeted. For example, training a model to respond more warmly can make it more sycophantic, and training it to write insecure code can cause broad misalignment on prompts unrelated to coding. We refer to a relationship between behavi...

Dongyoon Hahm, Woogyeol Jin, Dennis Wei et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond the Answer: Student-Conditioned Trace Construction for Reasoning Distillation

A reasoning trace can accompany a correct answer without providing effective supervision for a particular student. We study how to construct traces that improve learning beyond answer-only supervision by considering both their intermediate content and their accessibility to the target learner. We introduce ReDiST, a st...

Shaoang Li, Yanhang Shi, Yufei Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Bridging the Language Gap in Scholarly Data II: Enhancing Gender Inference for Chinese Names

Perceived gender inference from names is important for inclusive scientometrics research, yet existing methods perform poorly on non-Western scholars. We address this gap for Chinese names, which appear in two forms, Hanzi and Pinyin, its Romanized form (e.g., Zhang Wei, Li Na). In international bibliographic records,...

Lisette Esp\'in-Noboa, Mingrong She, Ana Maria Jaramillo et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Trajectory-Triggered Sparse Collaborative Decoding

Dense assistance methods such as speculative decoding repeatedly verify draft tokens with a target model, keeping target computation coupled to generation. We study sparse collaborative decoding, where a draft model generates most tokens and a target model is invoked only for short corrective segments. The key problem...

Amit Ranjan Trivedi, Sruthikesh Surineni, Kyong Ho Lee et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

HydraLLM: Adaptive Width Slicing for Elastic Text and Vision-Language Models

LLMs and LVLMs are increasingly deployed across heterogeneous hardware, ranging from data-center GPUs to resource-constrained edge devices. Their fixed-size architectures limit the ability to reuse a single model across deployment settings with different compute, latency, and model-size targets. We introduce HydraLLM,...

Oscar Kemme, Janek Haberer, Ali Hojjat et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Sentence-Level Topic Modeling with Lexical and Contextual Evidence

Experiments show that SentenceETM consistently improves sentence-level topic assignment over state-of-the-art approaches, and a case study of a presidential debate shows how sentence-level topics reveal how candidates handle the same subjects.

Federica Granese, S. Villata, C. Bouveyron · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reasoning Models Can Control Their Chains of Thought When They Tell Themselves To

Chain-of-thought (CoT) controllability, the ability of reasoning models to control properties of their CoT, is consequential for both their usefulness and reliable oversight. Recent work evaluates this capability by measuring whether models follow CoT constraints given in the user prompt, and reports very low controlla...

Uriel Dolev, Idan Schwartz, Yoav Goldberg · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Think More or Read More? A Token-Budget Theory of Reasoning with Shared Context

Reasoning systems increasingly improve answers by incorporating additional context into the model's input, from multi-agent debate, where agents read their peers' responses, to self-refinement, where a model revisits its own drafts. In these systems, communication consumes context as one agent's output becomes another'...

Manh Nguyen, Sunil Gupta, Hung Le · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Explaining Chess and Go in Natural Language

Modern chess engines play far beyond human ability, often choosing moves whose underlying ideas are difficult for humans to understand. We propose an automatic metric for evaluating chess explanations, grounded in chess-engine evaluations. Evaluating state-of-the-art language models using this metric, we find that they...

Ori Press, Alexander Golubev · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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