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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Multi-Estimate Elicitation Does Not Uniformly Debias Language Model Judgments

Does eliciting five weighted estimates within a single response consistently improve numerical judgments? We compare direct and multi-estimate elicitation across anchoring, hindsight, base-rate, conjunction, and status-quo/default tasks in six frozen configurations. Each configuration contributes 618 admitted developme...

An-Sheng Jhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

The State-Prediction Separation Hypothesis

Transformers use the same forward computation stream to both predict the next token and store useful state for future token predictions. We formulate the state-prediction separation hypothesis: disentangling the two roles yields better language modeling performance. We design a Transformer variant that uses separate co...

Giovanni Monea, Nathan Godey, Kiant\'e Brantley et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Teach the Way It Thinks: Guiding LLM Post-training Data Engineering with Sparse Autoencoders

Data engineering for large language model (LLM) reinforcement learning (RL) decides which samples to train on, when to present them, and which to batch together. Existing methods mostly rely on external feedback, such as pass rates or difficulty labels, which observes only the outcome on each sample. We argue that mode...

Yi Jing, Zao Dai, Jinwu Hu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

JudgmentBench: Comparing Rubric and Preference Evaluation for Quality Assessment

Two methodologies dominate current practices of benchmarking: rubric-based scoring evaluates items against predefined criteria, whereas comparative judgment elicits pairwise preferences between outputs. Although both methodologies are widely used, the choice between them is rarely justified. We release JudgmentBench, a...

Russell Yang, Ruishi Chen, Pierce Kelaita et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Vector Policy Optimization: Training for Diversity Improves Test-Time Search

Language models must now generalize out of the box to novel environments and work inside inference-scaling search procedures, such as AlphaEvolve, that select rollouts with a variety of task-specific reward functions. Unfortunately, the standard paradigm of LLM post-training optimizes a pre-specified scalar reward, oft...

Ryan Bahlous-Boldi, Isha Puri, Idan Shenfeld et al. · 0 citations

Persona-Model Collapse in Emergent Misalignment

Fine-tuning large language models on narrow data with harmful content produces broadly misaligned behavior on unrelated prompts, a phenomenon known as emergent misalignment. We propose that emergent misalignment involves persona-model collapse: a deterioration of the internal representations that encode and distinguish...

D. B. Costa, Renato Vicente · 3 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

ELF: Embedded Language Flows

Diffusion and flow-based models have become the de facto approaches for generating continuous data, e.g., in domains such as images and videos. Their success has attracted growing interest in applying them to language modeling. Unlike their image-domain counterparts, today's leading diffusion language models (DLMs) pri...

Keya Hu, Linlu Qiu, Yiyang Lu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

FILO: A Unified Fisher-Geometric Framework for Low-Rank Adaptation

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) reparameterizes a weight matrix $W$ as a product of two low-rank factors, but the Jacobian $J_G$ of the generator mapping the factors to the weight matrix is rank-deficient, so the factor-space preconditioner $J_G^* F_t J_G$ induced by any $W$-space preconditioner $F_t$ is singular, and conse...

Ziyun Liu, Fengmiao Bian, Jian-Feng Cai · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

UniSD: Towards a Unified Self-Distillation Framework for Large Language Models

Self-distillation (SD) offers a promising path for adapting large language models (LLMs) without relying on stronger external teachers. However, SD in autoregressive LLMs remains challenging because self-generated trajectories are free-form, correctness is task-dependent, and plausible rationales can still provide unst...

Yiqiao Jin, Yiyang Wang, Lucheng Fu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Self-Improving Training & Thinking

Large language models are classically trained in stages: pretraining on raw text followed by post-training for instruction following and reasoning. However, this separation creates a fundamental limitation: many desirable behaviors such as safety, factuality, overall generation quality, and reasoning ability are only a...

Ellen Xiaoqing Tan, Jack Lanchantin, Zichun Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

StreamGaze: Gaze-Guided Temporal Reasoning and Proactive Understanding in Streaming Videos

Streaming video understanding requires models not only to process temporally incoming frames, but also to anticipate user intent for realistic applications such as Augmented Reality (AR) glasses. While prior streaming benchmarks evaluate temporal reasoning, none measure whether Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)...

Daeun Lee, Subhojyoti Mukherjee, Branislav Kveton et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Instruction-Tuning Large Language Models with Medical Classification Data Improves ICD Coding of German Tumor Diagnoses

Accurate coding of tumor diagnoses with ICD-10-GM and ICD-O-3 is essential for structured cancer documentation in Germany. Smaller open-weight LLMs are appealing for privacy-preserving automation but often struggle with coding accuracy in German-language contexts. This study investigates whether instruction-based fine-...

Stefan Lenz, Lakisha Ortiz Rosario, Georg Vollmar et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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