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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Why Generate a Click? Plug-in Decision Heads for Web Agents

Web agents built on vision language models decide every action by generating text such as click(12), although most of that text encodes a choice among a few action types and a few dozen marked elements. We read these choices directly from the hidden states that the generator computes while it reads the goal and the scr...

Chengguang Gan, Yunhao Liang, Hanjun Wei et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Language Exposure Matters: Distribution and Order in Multilingual BabyLM Pre-training

We investigate two aspects of multilingual pre-training with limited data, namely how language exposure is distributed across English, Dutch, and Chinese, and how that exposure is ordered during training. In particular, we compare balanced multilingual exposure to language-dominant exposure, where one language is expos...

JiWoo Hwang, Lukas Edman, Alexander Fraser · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Oct 2026

AFCS: Atomic-Fact-Conditioned Synthesis for Factual Knowledge Pretraining

AFCS (Atomic-Fact-Conditioned Synthesis), a pipeline that first extracts source-supported atomic facts and then uses each retained fact to drive generation, outperforms WRAP and Nemotron-CC on SimpleQA, SimpleQA Verified, PopQA, and HotpotQA.

Yun-Hao Wang, Feng Zhang, Ting-Ting Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Which Knowledge Should LLMs Trust? Uncovering a Generalizable Steering Direction Across Knowledge Conflicts

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently encounter conflicts between internal parametric knowledge and external contextual knowledge, yet the mechanisms governing this selection remain unclear. We show that the choice between context and parametric knowledge is linearly represented and can be controlled along a single d...

Yibin Lou, Yi Hu, Jian-Hui Chen et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Is a Clarification? Estimating Model-Dependent Input Ambiguity

Ambiguous inputs can admit multiple interpretations, each potentially yielding a different answer. Existing work largely treats this ambiguity as a property of the input, yet for a particular language model, only some alternatives may be known and answerable. We therefore distinguish world ambiguity, capturing all alte...

Jingqin Tang, Tim Tomov, Sebastian Schmidt et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

FACES: Fine-grained Gated Semantic Alignment for Multimodal Emotional Support Conversation

In recent years, with advances in multimodal interaction technologies and the growing demand for intelligent emotional support, Multimodal Emotional Support Conversation (MESC) has emerged as an important task. However, existing systems still suffer from shallow responses and inappropriate support strategies due to wea...

Hang-Ke Ren, Pei-Dong Wang, Yi-Chen Gao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Strong Harness Narrows the Model Gap: A Comparative Evaluation for Legislative Document-to-XML Conversion

Legal-content reproduction requires matching the source exactly in section hierarchy, verbatim text, citations, and amendment spans; a dropped citation or mislabeled amendment carries into the products lawyers rely on. We report an industrial pipeline converting U.S. state legislation into strict, schema-constrained XM...

Palvika Bansal, Rittika Jindal, Ruichong Wang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Gray-Box Hallucination Detection in LLMs with Token Identities

GURI (Gray-box Uncertainty Representations with Identity), a lightweight gray-box hallucination detector that combines candidate-token probabilities with per-token vector identifiers that exposes which alternatives the model considered while preserving the accessibility and transferability of the gray-box setting.

S. Goldshtein, Yitzchak Grunbaum, Fabrizio Frasca et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SoK: Grading Open-Text Legal Answers, from Law School Exams to Trustworthy Rubric Judges

Law students are examined through open-text answers: case solutions, essays and memos that apply the law to a set of facts. Such answers are expensive to grade, human graders disagree widely on them, and large language models (LLMs) now offer to grade them at scale, both in teaching and in the benchmarks that test lega...

Sebastian Nagl · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Does Machine Translation Retain Media Bias?

Within the most recent two decades, machine translation (MT) has been advanced from a research area to a mature, deployed technology for prose text and most language pairs. However, language has different dimensions of meaning, and the alluded progress has primarily been demonstrated for propositional meaning. In this...

Silvia Gargova, Tim Menzner, Jochen L. Leidner · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

To Reason but Not to Stop: Understanding and Recovering Pruned Large Reasoning Models

Weight pruning can degrade the accuracy of large reasoning models (LRMs), yet it remains unclear whether it damages reasoning itself. We find that much of this degradation stems from a failure to stop rather than to reason. As sparsity increases, pruned LRMs increasingly fail to terminate within the token budget, often...

Minh-Anh Nguyen, Nguyen T. Ha Lan, Xiyan Fu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

MemDuet: Learning Dual-Process Memory for Long-Context Reasoning

Inspired by Kahneman's account of fast and slow thinking, MemDuet is a dual-process memory framework that learns to coordinate a small language model for fast, parallel evidence selection from raw context chunks with a large language model for memory-update verification and memory updates in document order.

Jiang-Cheng Song, Hao-Dong Jing, Yu-Ling Mu et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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