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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Selective Reasoning for Typed Decision Models: When to Start, Read, and Stop

Typed decision models need an interface that can use additional reasoning while retaining candidate outputs. We train a shared candidate-answer reader on a frozen Qwen3.5-4B backbone to unify direct decisions with on-demand, interruptible reasoning. The reader returns distributions from empty and partial reasoning pref...

Bin Zheng, Zheng Chen · 0 citations

J-tau: A Fully Localized Japanese Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction

J-tau is presented, the first publicly available Japanese benchmark for evaluating tool-using LLM agents in interactive customer-support scenarios and carefully localizes tau-bench through machine translation, entity adaptation, and human review to enable reliable evaluation in Japanese.

Chihiro Yano, Jun Hirako, Hiroaki Yamagiwa et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Are We Really Measuring Forgetting? Pitfalls in Evaluating Machine Unlearning for Multimodal LLMs

As machine unlearning for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) rapidly advances, rigorous evaluation of its effectiveness becomes increasingly important. However, existing benchmarks largely inherit evaluation protocols from text-only unlearning and overlook the unique challenges of unlearning in multimodal setting...

Oscar Chew, Po-Yi Lu, Yi-Jie Cheng et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

PA1-OPD: One-Step Prefix-Augmented On-Policy Distillation for Language Model Pretraining

Knowledge distillation (KD) improves language-model pretraining by matching teacher distributions at corpus prefixes, but provides no direct supervision at contexts induced by student predictions. We introduce PA1-OPD, which augments corpus-path distillation with teacher feedback after one student-sampled transition pe...

Zhen-He Wu, Jian Yang, Ya-Ping Jin et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Moral Combat: Exploiting Moral Foundations Theory to Jailbreak LLMs

Social psychology has long described how people can be persuaded to interpret a harmful act as moral. Recent research suggests that Large Language Models (LLMs) echo aspects of human psychology, from cognitive biases to social conformity. This raises a question with direct safety implications: can LLMs be moralized to...

Adel Khorramrouz, Yi-Chia Wang, Sharon Levy · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

REWIND: Uncertainty-Guided Trajectory Repair for Test-Time Reasoning

An early mistake in the generated reasoning can constrain all subsequent reasoning. Repeated-generation methods, like MCMC-based approaches, attempt to improve output quality by sampling multiple generations, but their effectiveness can be limited by randomly selecting where to regenerate. On MATH500 with Qwen2.5-Math-...

Yi-Cheng Ding, Meng-Yu Wang, Min Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

GraphRAG-LTM: A Layered Threat Modeling Framework for Attacks on Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Graph retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) uses document-derived knowledge graphs to assemble evidence for large language model (LLM) answers. Its security depends on both the seed chunks retrieved for a query and the graph evidence assembled from them, yet attacks on this evidence path remain underexplored. We in...

Yi-Ning Tang, Jun-Yu Zhang, Hao-Miao Qiu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Retrieve What Helps, Only When It Helps: Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Selective Retrieval-Augmented Machine Translation

Retrieving external knowledge can improve large language model (LLM) translation by providing supplementary information such as idiom interpretations and terminology. However, existing retrieval-augmented machine translation systems typically apply predefined retrieval strategies uniformly across all inputs. We argue t...

Shijun Li, Yang Liu, Najmeh Sadoughi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

One Block Ahead: Promoting Sampler State in Diffusion Language Models

It is demonstrated that for uniform-state diffusion LMs, where a block's denoising progress is not visible in its intermediate tokens, concurrent decoding is advantageous if the next block's tokens are promoted together with the corresponding sampler state, including the self-conditioning signal and the denoising time.

Yang-Yi Shen, Pin-Jui Ku, Nicolai Oswald et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Structure-Preserving Document-Level Data Augmentation via Discourse Parsing

Data augmentation (DA) plays a vital role in improving model performance in low-resource or limited-supervision scenarios within Natural Language Processing (NLP). Existing DA methods, such as synonym replacement and back-translation, have demonstrated effectiveness on the word or sentence level; however, they frequent...

Ruilin Shang, Shilong Hou, Zi Long et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Towards Efficient Simultaneous Inverse Text Normalization with Pretrained Text-to-Text Language Model and Read-Tag-Write Policy

Streaming Inverse Text Normalization (ITN) is vital for converting spoken-form outputs from streaming Automatic Speech Recognition into formatted written text. Existing streaming ITN methods rely on hybrid systems combining neural tagging with expert-crafted finite-state transducer rules, limiting scalability across do...

K. Hoang, Khanh Le, B. Nguyen et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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