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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Gap Detection: Mitigating Homogenization through Demand and Defensibility

Language models often produce semantically similar answers to open-ended questions, even when many plausible alternatives exist. Generating useful alternatives requires identifying both what the query calls for and what existing responses already cover. We introduce Gap Detection, a framework that searches for relevant...

Xucheng Yu, Haibo Jin, Xiaoqi Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Choosing the Number of Attention Heads from Intrinsic Dimension: A Small-Scale Study

The number of attention heads in a transformer is usually set by convention or grid search. We test a simple heuristic for setting it in advance: estimate the intrinsic dimension of token representations without labels, and use roughly that many heads. We estimate intrinsic dimension with a nested-dropout VAE trained o...

Arjun Boya, Charan Sai Bandaru, Masthanaiah Pillimetla et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

AtomSearch: Evidence-Grounded Tree Search for Agent Skill Optimization

AtomSearch is introduced, which keeps revision actions local while using subsequent skill states to guide search, and shows how local rule edits can support the exploration of useful revision paths and yield compact skills, with additional offline evaluations used to explore alternative states.

Jiang-Shuai-Chen-Rui-,-Zhang-Rong-,-Wang-Gui-Fang- Tong, Sen Deng, Ming-Pei Peng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

More Methods, Better Agents? A Reality Check on Self-Distillation in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Self-distillation in agentic reinforcement learning has produced a growing number of methods. However, existing evaluations often reuse published baseline scores under differing experimental conditions, provide few direct comparisons among contemporaneous methods, and give limited attention to training stability and co...

Linhao Zhong, Bozhen Fang, Xuehao Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Articulation Upper Bounds for Language Models

The nature of improvement in each case is characterized: while recoverable concepts can be articulated through definitions and explanations, irrecoverable concepts cannot be transmitted, even with examples, and might require novel learning mechanisms.

Alexander Spangher, Daniel E. Ho, Di-Yi Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

HACHIMI-II: From Role-Play to Learner Behavior Modeling for Faithful Student Simulation

Simulated students let researchers test tutoring systems and teaching strategies before real learners are available, but only if the simulation reproduces where a particular learner succeeds and fails. The common approach asks a large language model to role-play a student, but a role does not model what this learner kn...

Yi-Lin Jiang, Fei Tan, Xuan-Yu Yin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Model What Matters: Decision-Guided Selective World Modeling for Language Agents

Reinforcement learning provides a direct mechanism for optimizing task objectives in large language model-driven agents, but task rewards are typically sparse trajectory-level signals that only evaluate task success, without directly supervising action-conditioned environment transitions, leaving the model with limited...

Maolin Ran, Minda Chen, Di Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DAGFormer: Global Topology Prediction for Transformer Cross-Layer Connections

We propose DAGFormer, a Transformer language model whose cross-layer connections are planned by a jointly trained topology predictor. Beyond the residual connections in a standard Transformer, DAGFormer adds direct connections from earlier layers to later ones, and the predictor controls the strength of every connectio...

Xiaocong Yang, Yuren Hao, ChengXiang Zhai · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Who's Behind the Text? Robust Model Authorship Attribution

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate text, their misuse has become a growing societal problem, with implications for academic misconduct, model distillation, and cyberattacks. For these reasons, Model Authorship Attribution (MAA), which identifies the source model of a given text, is import...

Minseok Ko, Hyunseok Lee, Woo-Min Song et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

INTACT: Inducing Latent Reasoning on a Frozen Backbone

The same recipe trained on a multi-domain corpus improves the frozen backbone on twelve evaluation benchmarks spanning mathematics, science, and commonsense, without task-specific adaptation.

Kutay Tire, Atula Tejaswi, Haris Vikalo et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Evidence-Anchored Overdose Death Prediction from Death Investigation Reports

This work presents an automated framework that classifies suspected overdoses from death investigation reports, while producing supporting explanations guided by expert knowledge, and shows that a pipeline model with explanations grounded in the input death investigation reports outperforms the other settings.

Raavi Gupta, Zi-Qing Yang, Karli R. Hochstatter et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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