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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AgentWorld: A Data Factory for Training LLM Agents from Multi-Turn Interactions

Training LLMs to act as capable agents requires learning from multi-turn interactions with environments. However, multi-turn interaction trajectories generated by heterogeneous agent runtimes are difficult to transform into structured, high-quality training data that training engines can readily consume. In this paper,...

Daoyu Wang, Mingyue Cheng, Qingchuan Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SWE-Spot: Building Small Repo-Experts with Repository-Centric Learning

The deployment of coding agents in privacy-sensitive and resource-constrained environments drives the demand for capable open-weight Small Language Models (SLMs). However, they suffer from a fundamental capability gap: unlike frontier large models, they lack the inference-time strong generalization to handle complicate...

Jinjun Peng, Magnus Saebo, Tianjun Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Invisible Leash: Why RLVR May or May Not Escape Its Origin

Recent advances highlight Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) as a promising approach to enhancing LLM capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether the current practice of RLVR truly expands models' reasoning boundary or mainly amplifies high-reward outputs that base models already know. We intro...

Fang Wu, Weihao Xuan, Danny Xing et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Latent Compaction with Test-Time Training

Results show that treating the KV cache as a neural network and optimizing it with test-time training can preserve retrieval accuracy under aggressive compression, and transfers across model scales and families.

Yingfa Chen, Xing-Yu Shen, Chao-Jun Xiao et al. · 1 citation · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PrismaCoder: Pushing the Boundaries of Open Multimodal Code Intelligence through Decomposed Rubric Synthesis

Multimodal code intelligence connects the symbolic world of programs with the visual world their execution creates. Interest in this capability is burgeoning, as models are increasingly asked to produce charts, webpages, animations, and semi-structured documents. Recently, proprietary models have pushed far ahead, prod...

Qiushi Sun, Jingyang Gong, Yang Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

VASPO: Self-Distillation with Privileged Value Estimation

On-policy self-distillation provides dense supervision for reasoning models via a privileged self-teacher. However, this supervision reflects local token preferences rather than the expected return of an unguided student continuation. Recent methods combine this signal with GRPO. They use GRPO for update directions and...

Fei Wu, Zhen-Rong Zhang, Jian-Shu Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Lost in Translation: Why Lower Bias Scores Don't Mean Fairer Models

Bias audits of multilingual language models usually compare a model's average stereotype score in English with its average in another language and read the difference as a difference in fairness. We ask how much of that difference is noise. Auditing ten open models in eight languages, we measure how far scores move whe...

Harsh Kumar · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

The COUNT: Counting N-grams Unlocks Scaling on Host Memory and Training-Free Adaptation

The scaling relationship of compute and performance for language models (LMs) has been extensively studied; more recently, models are being designed to scale memory use, as well. In particular, adding embeddings for n-grams scales memory separately from compute use, because each pass only processes individual embedding...

Ian Magnusson, Noah A. Smith, P. W. Koh · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cortex: Consolidating Context into Parametric Memory

Context can improve large language model performance, but these gains may be lost after context removal. Inspired by biological systems consolidation, we formulate Memory Consolidation (MC) as internalizing these gains while preserving non-target capabilities, connecting context-specified editing, skill learning, and b...

Jintian Zhang, Feng He, Xinnian Liang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

FOLD: Position-Free Far Memory with Local Order for Long-Context Speculative Decoding

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM generation through lightweight drafting and parallel verification. It is particularly promising for long inputs, where KV-cache access costs can be amortized over multiple accepted tokens. Yet most drafters are trained on short sequences and degrade on long inputs, while long-contex...

Shu-Xuan Li, Jia-Liang Kang, Yang-Hao Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MMLA-RSI: Recursive Self-Improvement through RTT and RTMA

An agent can improve its behavior within an unresolved problem by changing how it acts and which experience it retains. We propose MMLA-RSI, a recursive self-improvement scheme with two implementations in Memory-Mediated Learning Architecture: Reasoning-Time Training (RTT) changes the policy state $\Phi$, while Reasoni...

Junyi Zou, Avrova Donz · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scaling Multilingual Mixture-of-Experts: How Language Coverage Changes Capacity and Compute Allocation

Multilingual models share capacity across languages, so adding languages can hurt performance on existing ones. Mixture-of-experts models expand this capacity with little additional per-token computation. Given this extra capacity, does adding experts reduce what each additional language costs? To answer this question,...

Joel Dag, Nikit Srivastava, Hamada M. Zahera et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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