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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dream2Discern: Learning from Hard Latent Variants for Runtime Failure Prediction in Multi-Agent Systems

Reliable deployment of LLM-based multi-agent systems calls for runtime auditors that predict terminal outcomes from observed execution prefixes. These auditors typically learn from a limited corpus of trajectories with verified outcomes. Expanding this corpus requires costly execution and verification, yet broader fail...

Boxuan Zhang, jianing Zhu, Xiaotian Han et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

When Agents Talk, Secrets Travel: Topology-Driven Leakage and Recipient-Conditioned Sanitization in Multi-Agent LLM Systems

Multi-agent LLM systems (MALS) introduce a privacy-leakage problem that conventional sensitivity-based defenses miss, since information disclosed to one authorized agent can propagate through routine coordination to an unauthorized one, without compromise or malicious behavior. This motivates topology-aware enforcement...

Sunday Oyinlola Ogundoyin, Muhammad Ikram · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Of Errors and Echoes: Responsibility-Aware Credit Assignment for Tool-Use Agents

Reinforcement learning improves tool-use agents, yet fine-grained credit assignment remains challenging even with step-level feedback. An observed error may be inherited from an earlier decision, while multiple responsible decisions may share the same downstream consequence or participate in later recovery. We introduc...

Xingjian Diao, Tianyu Yang, Wenjun Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unfair and Unsafe: Everyday Bias Triggers Emergent Misalignment

Emergent misalignment (EM) occurs when fine-tuning a language model to a narrow task makes it misaligned on unrelated ones. Because organizations now routinely fine-tune models on their own data, it matters which kinds of training data cause EM. So far, studies have induced EM with data containing recognized safety fai...

Alex Mart\'i Guiu, Nicolas Zumarraga, Kevin O'Sullivan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Review Rarely Beats the Stronger Model: Separating Verification from Capability Transfer in LLM Pipelines

Qwen3-8B reviewing Llama-3.1-8B in math adds 33.2 points, yet Qwen3-8B alone is 6.4 points more accurate than the result. Reviewing another model's answer is usually judged by its gain over the generator. We show that this confuses verification, which adds accuracy beyond either model alone, with capability transfer, w...

Yirui Zhang, Yash Raj Shrestha · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Personalized LLM Recommendation with Semantic IDs: Autoregressive Beam Search vs. Multi-Token Prediction

The experiments show single-head beam search consistently beats MTP on most product-critical metrics: ranking and content QA, and trains at roughly 2.6x lower dollar cost on Qwen3-8B scale; MTP wins only on raw inference throughput.

Sejoon Oh, Fernando Amat Gil, Evan Smothers et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Adaptive Look, Flexible Thought: Learning How and How Long to Think in Multimodal Reasoning

The introduction of long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and external tools has substantially improved the performance of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) on general and reasoning tasks. However, existing fast-slow reasoning paradigms mainly regulate textual reasoning length, while visual computation introduce...

Quan-Lin Chen, Xiu-Wei Chen, Kun Xiang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

An Explainable System for Offensive Content Detection in Nastaliq Urdu: Corpus Curation, Transformer Benchmarking, and Word-Level Attribution

Automated moderation systems are deployed at scale, yet they remain opaque to the users and moderators affected by their decisions, and their coverage is almost entirely confined to English. For Urdu written in the Nastaliq script, no such system exists, and the annotated resources it would be built on are drawn largel...

Muhammad Shahid Iqbal Malik · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

bharatSetu: a 1M x 22 bridge for indic translation

India's Eighth Schedule recognises 22 languages, yet parallel data is uneven across them, and many language pairs, especially among lower-resource languages such as Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Kashmiri, lack direct bitext. We present BharatSetu 22-Indic 1M, a row-aligned table of 984,764 English sentences, each paired wit...

Haq Nawaz Malik, Nahfid Nissar, Faiza Iqbal · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Oct 2026

SARATHI: Decoupled Data-Free Probing and Adaptive Reconstruction for Structured LLM Pruning

SARATHI achieves competitive perplexity and matches or exceeds existing structured pruning baselines on zero-shot accuracy, and corrects systematic activation drift in post-LayerNorm architectures that would otherwise cause perplexity collapse at high sparsity.

Sankar Behera, Dhruv Singh, Satyadev Ahlawat et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

REPRO: Reflective Evolutionary Prompt Optimizer for Automated LLM Red-Teaming

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts that bypass their safety training. Existing automated red-teaming methods either require privileged access unavailable in production, rely on manually engineered per-model templates, or optimize a single objective without population-le...

Abrar Alotaibi, Moataz A. Ahmed · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Sensitivity or Criterion? Measuring and Moving When Language Models Act

Before an agent acts, it must decide whether action is warranted. A single accuracy cannot distinguish failure to recognize a warranted action from reluctance to act. Signal-detection theory separates sensitivity from criterion, but criteria estimated from authored binary labels depend on each benchmark's example mix....

Sixun Dong, Yebowen Hu, Ming Yin et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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