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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Overcoming Data Imbalances with Expert Selection Biases

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become the standard architecture for frontier LLMs. The multiple parallel experts in each transformer block theoretically enable expert specialization according to categories such as domains, languages, or modalities during pretraining. However, when data is imbalanced across catego...

A. Tarun, Clara Meister, Antoine Bosselut · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Taking Tokenization off the Host for Agentic LLM Serving

GraphTok is presented, a GPU tokenizer that runs the entire encoding pipeline, from pre-tokenization through byte-pair encoding (BPE) merging to token-ID assembly, as one replayable CUDA graph.

Mohammad Siavashi, Pascal Schwinte, A. Banaei et al. · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Do Prompt Optimizers Break Requirements They Are Not Scored On? A Preregistered Study

Prompt optimizers rewrite a prompt to raise one target metric, but prompts also state requirements the metric does not score, such as an output format, citations, or abstention. In a preregistered study, we run GEPA, MIPROv2, and TextGrad on HotpotQA, SQuAD 2.0, and IFEval and count per-item violations of unscored requ...

Sangdo Han, Moonsoo Kim · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Neurograf v1: An End-to-End Romanian-First Language Model Family

We present Neurograf v1, an experimental end-to-end Romanian-first language-model pipeline developed to investigate the feasibility of training language models from scratch for a lower-resource European language. The pipeline comprises RoSfera, a 635 GB Romanian corpus containing 175.7 million documents; an 80k byte-le...

Ionut Adrian Rotaru · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Forecasting Corpus-Sampling Disagreement in Masked Text Reconstruction

If a second text corpus were collected from the same population, how much would a predictor's outputs change? We study this question for masked-text reconstruction using a smoothed predictor built from nearby token-pair counts and evaluated over the full 50,257-token GPT-2 vocabulary. Treating each source document as o...

Hare Krishna · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Rethinking the Roles of Diffusion and Decoding: Predictive-State Flows for Parallel Language Generation

Predictive-State Flows (PSF) is introduced, which partitions a sequence into blocks and associates each block with a predictive state computed solely from the preceding context, and suggests that latent design for continuous DLMs should consider not only how compactly text is represented, but also how generative roles...

Jin-Jin He, Xin-Song Feng, Lu-Cheng Fu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

QTestBench: A Test Framework for Evaluating LLM-Generated Quantum Code

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong results in classical code generation and are increasingly used to write the unit tests that safeguard that code. Whether they can do the same for quantum software is less clear, because quantum programs are probabilistic, depend on numerical tolerances, and are judged by d...

Meriem Terki, Nouhaila Innan, Ming-Hao Shao et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

CAST: Credit Alignment for Cross-Tokenizer On-Policy Distillation

Cross-tokenizer on-policy distillation (OPD) requires aligning teacher and student sequences before their scores can be compared. Decoded-text alignment provides such correspondence at the chunk level, but leaves a distinct problem unresolved: credit alignment. A chunk-level signal specifies how much a span should chan...

Jing-Ru Yang, Jin-Hang Wu, Min-Jing Shi et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

S$^3$R: Fast and Faithful RL Rollouts via Self-Sparse Speculative Decoding

Fast rollout generation for long-context reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) requires reducing KV-cache traffic without changing the response groups used for policy optimization. In our profiled RLVR workloads, attention accounts for 72--76\% of autoregressive decoding kernel time. Sparse attention re...

Yuhang He, Hongyu Ge, Zihan Lin et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

An Input-Dependent Readout Phase for Resonant Sequence Models

Sequence models with a fixed-size state avoid the quadratic cost of attention, but face a design choice. An input-dependent state transition gives content-dependent memory at the cost of FFT-based training, while a fixed transition keeps the O(T log T) convolutional path but reads memory the same way for every input. R...

Shivesh Rane · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PACT: Privileged Trace Co-Training for Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agents

Multi-turn tool-use agents must reason, call tools, and adapt to observations across several interaction turns. Post-training such agents is challenging, as reinforcement learning often suffers from sparse rewards and weak credit assignment despite matching the prompt-only inference setting, while supervised fine-tunin...

Zhenbang Du, Jun Luo, Zhiwei Zheng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Let Large Language Models Judge Each Other: Multi-Agent Peer-Reviewed Reasoning for Medical Question Answering

Objective: To enhance the accuracy, interpretability, and robustness of large language models (LLMs) in medical question answering (MedQA). Method: We designed a multi-agent peer-reviewed reasoning method in which multiple LLM agents independently generate chain-of-thought reasoning with candidate answers, then act a...

Zaifu Zhan, Shuang Zhou, Rui Zhang · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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