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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MemReread: Enhancing Agentic Long-Context Reasoning via Memory-Guided Rereading

Long-context reasoning tasks have motivated agent-memory approaches that process document chunks sequentially while maintaining a dynamically updated memory, avoiding the quadratic complexity of standard attention. Existing methods often rely on retrieval to recover information discarded during memory overwriting, but...

Baibei Ji, Xiaoyang Weng, Juntao Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

COBALT: Contextual Bandit Learning with Offline Trajectories for Multi-Turn Code Generation

Training large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn code generation typically relies on online reinforcement learning (RL), in which models learn from repeatedly generated online rollouts. Although effective, online RL can be costly and unstable. In this paper, we present contextual bandit learning with offline trajec...

Ziru Chen, Dongdong Chen, Ruinan Jin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ABLEIST: Intersectional Disability Bias in LLM-Generated Hiring Scenarios

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly under scrutiny for perpetuating identity-based discrimination in high-stakes domains such as hiring, particularly against people with disabilities (PwD). However, existing research remains largely Western-centric, overlooking how intersecting forms of marginalization--such...

Mahika Phutane, Hayoung Jung, Matthew Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Breaking the Cloak! Unveiling Chinese Cloaked Toxicity with Homophone Graph and Toxic Lexicon

Social media platforms have experienced a significant rise in toxic content, including abusive language and discriminatory remarks, presenting growing challenges for content moderation. Some users evade censorship by deliberately disguising toxic words through homophonic cloak, which necessitates the task of unveiling...

Xuchen Ma, Jianxiang Yu, Wenming Shao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ReasoningShield: Safety Detection over Reasoning Traces of Large Reasoning Models

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) leverage explicit reasoning traces, known as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, to decompose complex problems into intermediate steps before deriving final answers. However, these reasoning traces introduce unique safety challenges: harmful content can be embedded in intermediate steps even...

Changyi Li, Jiayi Wang, Xudong Pan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Auditing Prompt Injection Defenses Before They Reach Users: What Strong Adversaries Reveal

Large language models are increasingly deployed in user-facing products that handle sensitive personal data while interacting with untrusted external content. This makes them a prime target for prompt injection attacks, in which an adversary injects malicious instructions in that content to hijack the model. Fine-tunin...

Xiaoxue Yang, Bozhidar Stevanoski, Matthieu Meeus et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ResidencyRL: Reinforcement Learning in Simulated Clinical Environments

In medical education, physicians convert academic knowledge into clinical expertise through residency: years of training across thousands of encounters, with diverse sources of feedback and progressively greater autonomy. Much of clinical reasoning relies on the patient encounter, a dialogue in which a clinician elicit...

Valentin Li\'evin, Samuel Schmidgall, Tim Strother et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Experience Makes Skillful: Enabling Generalizable Medical Agent Reasoning via Self-Evolving Skill Memory

Medical agent systems are increasingly expected to support interactive clinical decision making rather than only static question answering. In such settings, effective agents must reuse prior experience across evolving cases, yet existing memory mechanisms often retain raw historical traces that are redundant, noisy, a...

Haoran Sun, Wenjie Li, Yujie Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agents' Last Exam

Recent AI systems have achieved strong results on a wide range of benchmarks, yet these gains have not translated into economically meaningful deployment across many professional domains. We argue that this gap is largely an evaluation problem: widely used benchmarks lack sustained performance measurement on real and e...

Yiyou Sun, Xinyang Han, Weichen Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Task Context Shapes Component Roles in Language Models

These findings show that task context changes both which graph facts the shared components respond to and how their outputs affect later computation, which may help explain how models use shared parameters to perform different computations.

Sovesh Mohapatra, Dani S. Bassett · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Inject a Turn, Not a Token: Learning Where to Redirect LLM Reasoning for Self-Correction

Large language models struggle to reliably identify and correct errors in their own reasoning. Unlike prior training-based approaches that fine-tune an LLM to generate revisions or feedback, we learn where to intervene in failed rollouts and determine how to redirect them. To choose where to intervene, we train a 130K-...

Jiwon Jeon, Myungsik Cho, Jeonghye Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

ProgramGym: Scaling Training Environments for Long-Horizon Program Reproduction Agents

Coding agents are increasingly used to build programs from scratch as software engineers do rather than to resolve issues within a repository or to generate a repository from a given requirements document. However, scalable verifiable training environments that force agents to discover what is required and to decide ho...

Cheng-Yi Yang, Ren-Xu Bao, Jue Hou et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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