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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TIDE 2.0: an open, model-agnostic engine for keyed de-identification of clinical notes

Clinical notes capture most of what is documented about a patient's care, but they cannot be used for research until protected health information (PHI) is removed. De-identification is often treated as a detection problem. Detection alone is not sufficient: redaction strips clinical content along with identifiers, date...

Jose D. Posada, Somalee Datta, Priya Desai · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Identifying Introspection From the Inside

This paper identifies mechanistic signatures of faithful self-report in a controlled setting and proposes that it is possible to distinguish between the two patterns of computation by examining the structure of the networks themselves.

David Atkinson, Dillon Plunkett, David Bau · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

JudgeMoE: Distributional Aggregation for LLM-as-a-Judge

JudgeMoE, a lightweight aggregator that assigns example-specific weights to cached judge score distributions and fuses them before computing a final score is introduced, showing that score-range choice is unstable across judge--dataset settings and that soft scoring usually outperforms hard decoding.

Yiqi Liu, Joseph James, Yang Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Turnslide: Scalable Multi-Turn Data Synthesis by Walking a Finite-State Machine

Small language models are inexpensive to serve and can run on private infrastructure, but base models are often not good enough at multi-turn tool calling, and fine-tuning them needs per-API data that rarely exists. Existing synthesis methods are too expensive for high-scale fine-tuning, as they often require mock oper...

Aaron Fainman, Gabriela Kadlecová, Maciej Gryka et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

WavePrune: One period is often enough for RoPE

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) encodes token positions by rotating each two-dimensional channel of the query and key vectors at a channel-specific frequency, making the attention logits invariant to a common shift of positions. However, this rotation is periodic, and it leads to position aliasing where relative posit...

Guan-Cheng Du, Luo-Tian Huang, Shaowen Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

Verdicts Without Annotated Evidence: Rejection Sampling or Label-Only Post-Training for Evidence Recovery?

This work measures how much of that evidence a small language model can recover when it is post-trained on the verdicts alone, with no human evidence labels at any stage, to improve the evidence without anyone annotating it.

Nishanth Nayakanti, Prasang Gupta, Ashutosh Bilthare et al. · 0 citations

EMODE: Dynamic Para-Semantic Experts for Emotion-Aware Speech Language Modeling

Large speech language models have demonstrated strong capabilities in unified cross-modal understanding and generation, yet paralinguistic cues, especially emotion, remain difficult to preserve. Existing systems typically rely on entangled acoustic representations, which allow the underlying language model to depend ex...

Jia Pan, Yi-Wen Gu, Xin-Ze Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Stabilizing language models under continual learning via condition-anchored distillation

Continual adaptation of language models can change their output distribution on prompts learned earlier, while retaining every old prompt-answer pair may be undesirable or impossible. We study condition-anchored generative distillation (CAGD): retain a small set of old prompts, use a frozen previous model to reconstruc...

Huan Li, Zhe Cao, Qi Xie et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Tree Navigation Without LLM Summaries: A Matched-Cost Study of Hierarchical Retrieval for Long-Document QA

Retrieval-augmented generation grounds language models in external context, but for long documents flat top-$k$ retrieval can cluster on a single region and miss complementary evidence. RAPTOR-style summary trees address this by recursively clustering chunks and using a language model to summarize each cluster at index...

Priyank Jayraj, Poonam Goyal, Navneet Goyal · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Capacity, Responsiveness and Alignment: What Makes a Latent Structure Actionable

Localizing latent structures in the activation space of language models (LMs) is central to understanding and controlling their behavior. Yet, localized structures can differ substantially in their causal influence, raising the question of what makes a structure actionable. We tackle this question by casting causal inf...

O. Shafran, Mor Geva · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Token-Level Off-Policy Learning for Faithful Generation Under Distribution Shift

We propose Token-Level Off-Policy Labeling (TOPL), an off-policy training paradigm that reframes post-training as a token-level correctness prediction task. Our key intuition is that by training the model to distinguish good and bad tokens in a response, we naturally guide the model towards generating good tokens, whil...

Zitong Huang, Gustavo Lucas Carvalho, Deqing Fu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Characterize Then Distill: Mechanistic Reasoning in Large Output Spaces

Reasoning-trained language models can perform, zero-shot, multi-label tasks that require selecting a small set of relevant labels from a universe of thousands to hundreds of thousands of candidates. We ask how they do it mechanistically, and whether the mechanism can be distilled. We make the question measurable by tre...

Debjyoti Saha Roy · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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