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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Adapter Placement: A Dominant Adaptation Module Perspective

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that places trainable low-rank adapters into frozen pre-trained models. Recent studies show that using fewer LoRA adapters may still maintain or even improve performance, but existing methods still distribute adapters broadly, leaving \e...

Suoxin Zhang, Run He, Di Fang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Algorithm Selection with Zero Domain Knowledge via Text Embeddings

We propose ZeroFolio, a feature-free approach to algorithm selection that uses pretrained text embeddings instead of hand-crafted instance features. It reads the raw instance file as plain text, embeds it with a pretrained embedding model, and selects an algorithm via weighted k-nearest neighbors. Our approach is based...

Stefan Szeider · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Mar 2026

World Properties without World Models: Distributional Associations and the Interpretation of Decoding Results from Language Models

It is shown that static word embeddings of the same or matched stimuli of the same or matched stimuli support much of the same decoding, indicating that decodability alone cannot distinguish a representation of a property from information already available in fixed distributional associations.

E. Barenholtz · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

[b] = [d] - [t] + [p]: Self-supervised Speech Models Discover Phonological Vector Arithmetic

Self-supervised speech models (S3Ms) are known to encode rich phonetic information, yet how this information is structured remains underexplored. We conduct a comprehensive study across 96 languages to analyze the underlying structure of S3M representations, with particular attention to phonological vectors. We first s...

Kwanghee Choi, Eunjung Yeo, Cheol Jun Cho et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncovering Cross-Objective Interference in Multi-Objective Alignment

We study a persistent failure mode in multi-objective alignment for large language models (LLMs), in which scalarized training improves only some objectives while the others degrade. We formalize this phenomenon as cross-objective interference and, to our knowledge, conduct the first systematic study of scalarization a...

Yining Lu, Meng Jiang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Breaking the Mirror: Activation-Based Mitigation of Self-Preference in LLM Evaluators

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as automated evaluators, yet they suffer from "self-preference bias": a tendency to favor their own outputs over those of other models. This bias undermines fairness and reliability in evaluation pipelines, particularly for tasks like preference tuning and model routing....

Dani Roytburg, Matthew Bozoukov, Matthew Nguyen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Boosting Large Language Models with Mask Fine-Tuning

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. However, it remains underexplored whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce Mask Fine-Tuning (MFT), a novel LLM fine-tuning paradigm demonstrati...

Mingyuan Zhang, Yue Bai, Huan Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Latent Diagnostic Taxonomy: A Framework for Constructing Classifiers and Diagnosing Their Decisions, Applied to Prompt Injection Detection

This paper proposes a framework for constructing a classifier as a safeguard layer, and for developing a complementary diagnostic that identifies which of the classifier's confident decisions can be trusted. This framework, the Latent Diagnostic Taxonomy, consists of (i) constructing a dimensionality-optimized classifi...

Jaturong Kongmanee, Smile Thanapattheerakul · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reinforcement Learning over Predictive Distributions for LLM Regression

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as flexible regressors capable of predicting real-valued quantities from heterogeneous inputs. Yet most LLM regression objectives optimize predictions independently, often yielding poor calibration. We introduce Distribution-Aware Reward (DAR), an on-policy reinforcement learni...

Jungsoo Park, Hyungjoo Chae, Ethan Mendes et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dual-Modality Multi-Stage Adversarial Safety Training: Robustifying Multimodal Web Agents Against Cross-Modal Attacks

Multimodal web agents that process both screenshots and accessibility trees are increasingly deployed to interact with web interfaces, yet their dual-stream architecture opens an underexplored attack surface: an adversary who injects content into the webpage DOM simultaneously corrupts both observation channels with a...

Haoyu Liu, Dingcheng Li, Lukas Rutishauser et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RAM-Net: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Sparsely Addressable State

Linear attention offers an efficient alternative to full attention with a fixed-size recurrent state. However, this state is shared by all tokens, so information from distinct tokens becomes superposed within it and produces inter-token interference that degrades long-range fine-grained recall. To address this issue, w...

Kaicheng Xiao, Haotian Li, Liran Dong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Stabilizing Off-Policy Training for Long-Horizon LLM Agent via Turn-Level Importance Sampling and Clipping-Triggered Normalization

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms such as PPO and GRPO are widely used to train large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn agentic tasks. However, in off-policy training pipelines, these methods can exhibit unstable optimization dynamics and are prone to perfor- mance collapse. Through empirical analysis, we iden...

Chenliang Li, Adel Elmahdy, Alex Boyd et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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