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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

RePolicy: Reinforcement Learning for Safety-Policy Invocation in Agent Safeguards

Safeguarding language model agents requires assessing complete execution trajectories under context-dependent safety policies. Existing policy-aware safeguards mainly rely on prompting or supervised fine-tuning, limiting their ability to adapt to unseen trajectories and changing policy contexts. We propose RePolicy, an...

Hou-Cheng Jiang, Bo-Xuan Zhang, Qi-Yong Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Which LLM Is Your Ideal Companion? Evaluating Emotional Companion Capabilities of LLMs Based on Adult Attachment Theory

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied for emotional companionship, evaluating their behavior and capabilities in intimate relationships has become a pressing issue. However, existing assessments primarily characterize general personality traits, providing limited insight into model behavior within in...

Junkai Zhou, Shiting Guan, Zhaoyi Zhang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Write, Execute, Refine: From Skill Followers to Skill Optimizers via Reinforcement Learning from Execution Feedback

Expert-written natural language skills can improve tool-using agents, yet agent-authored skills perform 8-11 points worse than using no skill. This gap suggests that following procedural guidance and improving it from execution evidence are distinct capabilities. Inference time loops can repair skills but do not improv...

Kang Peng, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Yichen Zhang et al. · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Auditing Exposure to Harmful Content on TikTok using Multimodal Language Models: A Cross-National, Age-Stratified Study

Online video platforms can expose young users to harmful content, but independent audits remain difficult because video annotation is costly and moderation judgments vary across languages. We audit TikTok in France, Italy, and Sweden with sockpuppet accounts representing four age personas (13, 16, 19, 40), collecting 3...

Hamidreza Saffari, F. Pierri · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Situational Speech Synthesizer for Yoruba: System Design, Phonological Rule Architecture, and Orthographic Extensions for Contour

We present TTSYoruba, a rule-based concatenative diphone speech synthesizer for Yoruba, deployed at online as part of the YorubaName.com open dictionary of Yoruba personal names. The system takes tone-marked Yoruba text as input and produces audio output by applying a hand-crafted phonological rule system to a recorded...

Kola Tubosun, Adedayo Oluokun, Hafiz Adewuyi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Tangut Word Segmentation under Extreme Resource Scarcity: Integrating Traditional Lexicons and Unlabeled Text

Tangut is an extinct language whose script does not explicitly mark word boundaries. We present the first systematic study of Tangut word segmentation using 2,750 expert-annotated segments (31,893 tokens), traditional lexicons, and unlabeled text. Our framework combines a reliability-calibrated lexicon-lattice represen...

Lifan Deng, Yongwei Zhang, Sen Sun et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ReNikud: Audio-Supervised Hebrew Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion for Modern Hebrew is needed for applications like text-to-speech (TTS), but is challenging due to the language's abjad writing system, which leaves vowels largely unwritten, creating substantial ambiguity. Standard approaches first predict vowel diacritics (nikud) to produce Interna...

Maxim Melichov, Yakov Kolani, Morris Alper · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Piggyback Hypothesis of Generalization: Explaining and Mitigating Emergent Misalignment

The mechanisms behind LLMs' broad over-generalization beyond training examples remain unclear. Emergent misalignment (EM) offers a striking case study: finetuning on narrow tasks induces broad misalignment to semantically-unrelated test domains. In this work, we propose the Piggyback Hypothesis: the chat-template token...

Jiachen Zhao, Zhengxuan Wu, Aryaman Arora et al. · 0 citations

DECK: A Consistency x Confidence Taxonomy of LLM Hallucinations

This work proposes a complementary taxonomy that classifies errors by their detectability signature, the signal a scorer family would read, and identifies a universal blind spot of output-level UQ, on knowledge-gap inputs where the generator emits confident, repeatable fabrications.

Mohit Singh Chauhan · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Text-Preserving Lossy Text Compression: A Study of Strategic Deletion and LLM Reconstruction

Traditional lossless text compression preserves every byte, but its gains on natural language are often modest in realistic operating regimes. We study \emph{lossy semantic text compression}, where the encoder strategically deletes parts of the text and a large language model (LLM) reconstructs the original content fro...

Yuchun Zou, Junhong Tong, Jun Li · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adaptive Steering and Remasking for Safe Generation in Diffusion Language Models

Diffusion Language Models(DLMs) provide a promising alternative to autoregressive language models through iterative denoising and bidirectional generation. However, their iterative generation process introduces distinct safety vulnerabilities because harmful content can emerge at arbitrary positions and persist across...

Yejin Lee, Ungsik Kim, Yo-Sub Han · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Idealized Patients: Evaluating LLMs under Challenging Patient Behaviors in Medical Consultations

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for medical consultation and health information support, where safety depends not only on medical knowledge but also on robust responses to unclear, inconsistent, or misleading patient input. However, most existing medical LLM evaluations assume idealized and well-pose...

Yahan Li, Xinyi Jie, Wanjia Ruan et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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