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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

EDU-Jev Training System-One Decision Models for Education

Many automated decisions in education involve choosing from a fixed set of options: assigning a rubric score, checking whether an answer meets a marking criterion, or identifying the first wrong step in a solution. Generative language models are increasingly used to make these decisions, but their responses require par...

Jiazheng Li, Yulan He · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Language Models Show Conformity Bias in RAG: When the Majority Endorses a Poisoned Claim

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can expose language models to misleading evidence in retrieved documents. We investigate whether increasing the number of mutually agreeing poisoned documents affects a model's ability to detect misinformation. We evaluate 200 randomly selected questions from SciFact (random seed 38...

Mehrdad Ghassabi, Audrina Ebrahimi, Zahra Zojaji et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Do Open Language Models Invent Scripture? BILAL-BENCH: Benchmarking Islamic-Source Fabrication in Bengali

When a language model invents a Qur'anic verse or hadith, it gives false authority to text that readers may treat as sacred. Existing Islamic hallucination benchmarks are largely Arabic and often closed-ended, while Bengali resources mainly study general-domain hallucination or factual knowledge. We introduce BILAL-BEN...

Sabah Nushra, Md Kishor Morol · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Better Retrievers, Worse Labels: How Incomplete Relevance Judgments Distort Abstention Evaluation in Conversational RAG

A convenient shortcut reads sufficiency off the relevance judgments and treats a context without gold documents as unanswerable, and is released, and recommended scoring refusals against content labels, not the presence of gold.

Ivan Kochergin, Vasily Konovalov · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Adaptive Personalization Under Preference Epistemic Uncertainty

Human preferences change over time: an established preference may remain valid over time, become uncertain as context shifts, or be explicitly revised. Effective personalization requires conversational AI to adapt its response strategy to evolving preferences rather than relying on passive memory retrieval. We formaliz...

Priyanka Dey, Rajarshi Das, Vikas Bahirwani et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

CoFiBreak: A Coarse-to-Fine Diversity Reward for Effective Multi-Turn Jailbreak

Automated red teaming trains an attacker large language model (LLM) to elicit harmful responses from a victim LLM, but reinforcement learning can collapse attackers onto a narrow set of prompts when attack success is the only reward. Such a collapse of attack diversity can bias safety evaluation toward repeatedly testi...

Jialin Song, Xiaodong Liu, Weiwei Yang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Qistas: A Pre-Registered, Portable Protocol for Fairness Evaluation of Large Language Models

Fairness benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) are overwhelmingly English-born and American in their social categories; translated versions carry those categories into societies where they do not apply, and almost none fix their hypotheses before the models are run. We present Qistas (Arabic qistas, "the just bal...

Nawar S. Alseelawi, Mustafa S. Aljumaily · 0 citations

Expected Harm: Rethinking Safety Evaluation of (Mis)Aligned LLMs

This work introduces Expected Harm, a metric that weights the severity of a jailbreak by its execution likelihood, modeled as a function of execution cost, and demonstrates that this miscalibration creates a vulnerability that increases the attack success rate of existing jailbreaks by up to $2\times.

Yen-Shan Chen, Zhi Rui Tam, Cheng-Kuang Wu et al. · 5 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Heads of Security: Learned Attention Gates Improve Prompt Injection Robustness

Heads of Security (HoS), a prompt injection defense that enforces instruction-data separation via a small set of learned per-head attention gates, is introduced and shows that prompt injection robustness can be achieved and improved through targeted attention interventions.

Igor Shilov, Xiao-Xue Yang, Alexander Panfilov et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Windowed-MTP: Removing the Full-Context Draft-KV Tax at Million-Token Context

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by having a draft propose tokens that a target verifies in parallel. Frontier models increasingly ship a built-in Multi-Token-Prediction (MTP) draft head, assumed to be cheap beside verification. A shipped full-attention MTP head can become disproportionately e...

Alagappan Valliappan · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Natural Language Actor-Critic: Scalable Off-Policy Learning in Language Space

Large language model (LLM) agents -- LLMs that dynamically interact with an environment over long horizons -- have become an increasingly important area of research, enabling automation in complex tasks involving tool-use, web browsing, and dialogue with people. In the absence of expert demonstrations, training LLM age...

Joey Hong, Kang Liu, Zhan Ling et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Latent Reasoning in Continuous Space for Unified Multimodal Models

A Latent Reasoning framework in Continuous space (LARC), which alleviates the token-level bottleneck by reasoning over continuous hidden states and achieves state-of-the-art performance on GenEval and demonstrates clear test-time scaling behavior.

Byungwoo Jeon, Yoonwoo Jeong, Hyunseok Lee et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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