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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CoinRAG: Contextualized Information Nugget KV Cache Reuse for Long-Context RAG

Recent optimization studies on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have exploited chunk-level KV cache reuse to avoid processing long retrieved contexts for higher efficiency, while significant information redundancy and noise still remain in the coarse-grained chunks. This paper optimizes the Pareto frontier under lo...

Gyuwan Kim, Cheoneum Park, Tao Yang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Does Accuracy Equal Evidence? Reasoning Faithfulness under KV Cache Compression

KV cache compression is commonly evaluated by final-answer accuracy, implicitly assuming that preserving the answer also preserves the reasoning that supports it. We test this assumption for large reasoning models and show that it can fail: under compression, correct answers and the validity of their visible supporting...

Mengting Ai, Jingrui He, Yue Guo · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What the Abstention Option Measures: Refusal Loss, Sampling Churn, and Option Capture in Distilled Small Language Models

Small instruction-tuned language models reach phones, cars, and offline assistants through knowledge distillation, and whether a distilled model is fair enough to ship is often decided by a multiple-choice bias score on a benchmark that offers an abstention option. Three mechanisms move behavior around the abstention o...

Plawan Kumar Rath · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Pancasila-Dilemmas: Evaluating Large Language Models on Indonesian Human Value Dilemmas Grounded in Pancasila

The value alignment of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring responses align with human intention and value preferences. However, most evaluations of value alignment focus on Western or universal values, while assessments grounded in the value systems of specific countries remain scarce. In this paper, w...

Supryadi, Irfan, Julianti et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Loop the Loopies!

We present Loopie, the most powerful open-source looped Transformer to date. The Loopie series consists of two Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models: a 20B-parameter model with 2B active parameters and a 6B parameter model with 0.6B active parameters. Looped Transformers have long faced a challenge: given an N-fold pre-train...

Zitian Gao, Yilong Chen, Yihao Xiao et al. · 0 citations

Transformer-based segmentation of prosodic boundaries in Brazilian Portuguese

Automatic prosodic segmentation identifies boundaries between speech units based on acoustic and linguistic evidence. Although recent deep learning approaches have achieved strong results for English, automatic segmentation for Brazilian Portuguese (BP) still relies largely on rule-based or traditional machine-learning...

R. Lima, J. Galdino, Marcos Vinícius Treviso · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SURGELLM: Rethinking Multi-Task Evaluation through Task-Aware Feature Gating with Class-Balanced Normalization

Fine-tuned encoders deployed across heterogeneous NLP tasks face three compounding problems: mismatched inductive biases, class-imbalance corruption of feature statistics, and no mechanism to condition attention on external lexical knowledge. We introduce \textbf{\surgellm}, a unified transformer framework that address...

Noor Islam S. Mohammad, Ulug Bayazit · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LangMAP: A Language-Adaptive Approach to Tokenization

Language-specific tokenizers improve tokenization quality and the downstream performance of models on those languages. Using one with an existing pretrained model requires either training a new model from scratch or adapting the vocabulary of the pretrained one. We propose Language-adaptive Maximum a Posteriori (LangMA...

Clara Meister, Suchir Salhan, Andrzej Szablewski et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Jun 2026

Towards Root Memory: Benchmarking and Enhancing Implicit Logical Memory Retrieval for Personalized LLMs

Memory systems are essential for personalized Large Language Models (LLMs). However, retrieval within these systems primarily relies on semantic similarity, potentially missing logically critical memories with limited semantic overlap. We refer to this failure as semantic deflection, which remains insufficiently evalua...

Hongxun Ding, Xiang-Yu Yu, Cheng-Bing Wang et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Leadership as Coordination Control: Behavioral Signatures and the Recovery-Advantage Boundary in Multi-Agent LLM Teams

Team science holds that leadership is contingent: it helps only under specific conditions. We ask the same question of multi-agent LLM teams: under what measurable conditions does process-level coordination control add value, and do those conditions match what team science predicts? This takes measurement, not just acc...

Haewoon Kwak · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adapt or Calibrate? How Local Labels Buy Certified Coverage in Medical VQA

An answer from a vision-language model (VLM) to a medical image question can be accepted without review only under a threshold bounding the error of accepted answers, and certifying that bound costs local labels. We ask what such labels can certify for nine confidence estimators on five general-purpose open-weight VLMs...

Reza Khanmohammadi, Kundan Thind, Mohammad M. Ghassemi · 0 citations

Observable Patterns Are Not Explanations: A Causal-Geometric Analysis of Latent Reasoning Models

Evaluating two LRMs against controls lacking the proposed recurrence or curriculum, it is found these patterns also appear in the controls and do not consistently affect behavior, and latent thoughts should be treated as hidden computation, not hidden explanation.

Darpan Aswal, Thomas Palmeira Ferraz, Yong-Xin Zhou et al. · 7 citations · ⚡1

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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