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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

On-Policy Self-Training: Data-Free Self-Improvement in Large Language Models

On-policy self-distillation enables post-training foundation models without relying on stronger external teachers. However, existing approaches rely on ground-truth question-answer pairs, human-curated problem sets, or other supervised signals. In this work, we reformulate on-policy self-distillation as a self-training...

Leon Sick, Lukas Hoyer, Yannick Str\"umpler et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Ontology-Guided Knowledge Graph Construction from Structured Metadata and Climate Science Publications

The rapid expansion of scientific literature far outpaces the speed of manual curation, creating a fundamental bottleneck in extracting structured knowledge from scientific texts. To address this, we introduce an agentic, ontology-guided framework for knowledge graph (KG) construction. Our framework utilizes specialize...

A. Acharya, Qi Zhang, E. Dragut et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Analysing Austrian Parliamentary Speeches by Predicting Party Affiliations

This paper examines speech characteristics of the Austrian National Council members (CMs). We introduce analysis methodology based on a fine-tuned BERT-Model which assigns to every speech a probability distribution over Austrian parties. These are then aggregated at the speaker and party level. We perform an extensive...

Sarah Sulollari, Vanja Karan, Benjamin Roth · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Decoupling Patient Personas and Clinical Workflows: A Dual-Agent Approach to Realistic Medical Dialogue Generation

Pre-consultation medical dialogues are essential for collecting comprehensive patient information, but are costly to obtain at scale due to privacy and ethical constraints. Existing LLM-based synthesis methods often rely on prompt engineering or rigid rules, limiting their ability to balance clinical relevance with rea...

Qiyuan Li, Xiaomei Guo, Chao Gao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Cycle-of-Thought: Self-Evaluative Iterative Reasoning for Table Visual Question Answering in Document Images

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have significantly improved Visual Question Answering (VQA) performance, yet their reasoning over structured content such as tables remains inconsistent, often plagued by spatial misalignment and logical hallucinations. Existing approaches for improving table VQA typical...

Somraj Gautam, Gaurav Harit · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

4DMemory: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Spatiotemporal Memory with Harness-Augmented Agents

Humans efficiently process multimodal streams spanning hours to years, building persistent, fine-grained spatiotemporal memories that support reasoning about and predicting long-horizon events. In contrast, existing benchmarks focus on short- and medium-context tasks, and most foundation models struggle to preserve fin...

Yanhao Jia, Yi Zhu, Yiran Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

"Not" is Not Lost in Translation: A Causal Analysis of Negation Representations in Multilingual LLMs

Negation occurs in every language, yet its surface realization differs drastically. Despite this, multilingual large language models (LLMs) translate negation robustly, raising the question of whether they share an underlying representation of negation across languages. We study this question in six open models across...

Giang Son Nguyen, Wray Buntine, Dung D. Le et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Head Dimension Matters in Language Models for Long-Context Retrieval

Multi-head attention retrieves and combines context representations through query--key interactions and value aggregation, with head dimension constraining the per-head representation space. In long-context processing, it remains unclear whether allocating a fixed parameter budget to fewer, wider heads improves informa...

Seiya Tokui, Shoichiro Yamaguchi, Sosuke Kobayashi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SOPO: Socratic Guided Policy Optimization for Span-Level Hallucination Detection

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption in various natural language processing tasks, but suffer from hallucination issues where they generate unfaithful or inconsistent content. While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has shown promising applications in reasoning tasks, its app...

Jia-Wei Dong, Zi-Long Bai, Peng-Tian Zhu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The LLENS Platform for On-Premises Large Language Model Agents in a Japanese University Hospital: Development and Evaluation Study

Large language model agents that use tools could take on part of the electronic health record and desk work that occupies physicians' time, but in many hospitals the medical information systems run inside closed networks, so the model and the agent harness must also be inside the network. We designed, implemented, and...

Ken Enda, Jien Saito, Masami Mukai et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Tampered ML: Evaluating LLM Judgment of Machine Learning Research

One approach to accelerating progress on AI alignment is to automate parts of alignment research itself. Doing so requires systems that can perform reliably on hard-to-supervise research tasks, including identifying flaws in research proposals and evaluating whether a proposed experiment supports its intended claim. To...

Soroush Ebadian, Parand A. Alamdari, Joe Benton et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

REACT: Representational Early Analysis and Control of Chain-of-Thought Trajectories

Chain-of-thought (CoT) generation offers an opportunity to intervene before a reasoning model completes its answer. But does the point at which risk is easiest to detect also offer the most effective control? We study this question with REACT, a conditional activation intervention that learns a safety direction from pa...

Hanwen Zhang, Enyi Jiang, Ruike Zhu et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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