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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Consistency Is Not Validity: Self-Rewarded Moral Argumentation Makes Language Models Decisive but Pliable

It is concluded that consistency under reordering can be optimized without improving the moral judgment it is meant to signal: consistency under reordering can be optimized without improving the moral judgment it is meant to signal.

Marius De Kuthy Meurers, Aaron T. Parisi, Bernd Bohnet · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AQL-Lite: Enabling Efficient Knowledge Acquisition for Arabic LLMs via Data-Centric Continual Pretraining

Training Arabic large language models faces challenges from noisy web data, dialectal variation, and the high cost of continual pretraining (CPT). We introduce AQL-Lite (AQL: Arabic Quality Language), a time- and resource-efficient framework for adapting a multilingual LLM to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). AQL-Lite coup...

Houssam Eddine Boukhalfa, Mourad Bouache, Mourad Dahmane · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

baseVultra: Compact Nonlinear Recurrence with Reallocated Capacity

Nonlinear recurrent networks remain useful for streaming sequence modeling, yet gated cell design is still dominated by LSTM and GRU. We study whether recurrent computation can be reallocated away from gate transforms and toward candidate generation. We propose baseVultra, a compact recurrent cell that concentrates the...

Linke Zhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cost-Aware Abstention for LLM-Based IT Ticket Classification

Wrong automatic routing of an IT support ticket can cost more than human triage. We evaluate cost-aware abstention as an offline, cost-conditional readiness assessment: select a routing policy on calibration data under explicit costs, then evaluate that frozen policy once on held-out test data. On a public 47,837-ticke...

Sachin Gupta · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Diffusion Language Models for Perplexity-Aware Black-Box Attacks

\emph{Continuous-space} attacks find prompts that trigger malicious behaviors, such as overthinking, in black-box LLMs by sampling or optimizing over a low-dimensional Gaussian latent space and decoding it to text through a \emph{random mapping} and nearest-token lookup. Because the random mapping is not learned from l...

Ali Al-Lawati, Elsayed Eshra, Dongwon Lee et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi-Token Prediction and Alternative Tokenization Improve Learning Latent Multi-Hop Graph Search at Scale

Given an unseen graph, a start node, $s$, and an end node, $t$, can a language model generate the shortest path from $s$ to $t$? Prior work has found that models fail to learn this task as the graphs scale. We show that this failure has two causes: the supervision signal and the tokenization. First, we theoretically es...

Arvid Frydenlund, FuTe Wong, Katherine Lambert et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

SQuAT: Spherical Lattice Vector Quantization-Aware Training

Vector quantization (VQ), in particular lattice-based methods, offer strong rate-distortion trade-offs for low-bit large language models (LLMs), yet their behavior under quantization-aware training (VQ-QAT) remains poorly understood. We scale lattice VQ-QAT to billion-parameter LLMs and multi-billion-token training reg...

Sebastian Loeschcke, Ivan Koryakovskiy, T. V. D. van der Ouderaa et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Inherited, Not Invented: Tracing the Provenance of Wait in Reasoning Models

Reinforcement learning (RL) is credited with teaching reasoning models to write {wait} before reconsidering a step, yet large RL accuracy gains do not require the word. This view can confuse what RL discovers with what a model inherits from its training data. We trace the word through open models'training histories, re...

Zhi-Zhuo Kou, Si-Zai Hou, Long Chen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

One Teacher, Many Views: Reducing Reference Sensitivity in On-Policy Self-Distillation

On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) improves reasoning by training a model on its own trajectories with dense token-level supervision from a privileged copy conditioned on a reference solution. Existing methods typically use a single teacher distribution conditioned on the complete reference. We identify a limitation of...

Khouloud Saadi, Di Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking SAE Evaluation: An Atomic Interpretable Unit Framework Reveals Hidden Polysemanticity and Redundancy

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) were originally motivated by discovering monosemantic features, a property that characterizes individual features but does not specify what the learned feature set should look like as a whole. As SAEs have increasingly been adopted for attribution, circuit discovery, and intervention, researc...

Riteng Zhang, Xiaoqian Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Probing and Steering for Safety-Relevant Behaviours in Large Language Models

Activation probes are computed directions in a language model's residual stream, used both to detect safety-relevant behaviours and, by adding their direction back into the stream, to steer them, which power an interactive interface through which a user can score and steer text directly.

Nimun Bajwa, Massimo Poesio · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

RefCraft: Benchmarking Visual-Reference-Conditioned Agentic Generation through Web Development

Beyond basic tool use and coding skills, effectively incorporating visual references into agentic generation is equally essential for applying AI agents to real-world productivity tasks. We study this crucial capability through webpage development, a practical and readily evaluable setting in which existing benchmarks...

Yu-Chi Wang, Rongyao Fang, Wei-Hao Yu et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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