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neuroscience

180 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Language Models Share a Readout Bottleneck in Working Memory

Large language models (LLMs) reproduce a human working-memory signature on the N-back task: performance declines as memory load N increases, and errors concentrate on lures, items that repeat the current stimulus at a neighboring but incorrect serial position. We ask whether this shared behavioral signature reflects a...

Dongyu Gong · 0 citations

Position: Hippocampal Explicit Memory Is the Cornerstone for AGI

This position paper argues that integrating explicit memory is the cornerstone for advancing LLMs toward AGI and complement it with computational requirements for artificial explicit memory systems, hoping to foster further research and lay the groundwork for explicit memory integration.

Sangjun Park · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

State Space Models Naturally Produce Time Cell and Oscillatory Behaviors and Scale to Abstract Cognitive Functions

A grand challenge in modern neuroscience is bridging the gap between the microscale neural circuits and cognitive functions. While extensive knowledge exists about neuronal connectivity and biophysics, how low-level phenomena give rise to abstract behaviors remains largely unresolved. Here, we propose that a mathematic...

Sen Lu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Mingtao Hu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Deep probabilistic model synthesis enables unified modeling of whole-brain neural activity across individual subjects

Many disciplines need quantitative models that synthesize experimental data across multiple instances of the same general system. For example, neuroscientists must combine data from the brains of many individual animals to understand the species' brain in general. However, typical machine learning models treat one syst...

William E. Bishop, Luuk W. Hesselink, Bernhard Englitz et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Nov 2025

Title Pending

Neuroeconomics appears to offer welfare economics an evidential supplement, since neural data may help distinguish choices that express genuine preferences from choices distorted by addiction, framing or self-control failure. This paper asks when such evidence can legitimately inform welfare judgements for policy. It d...

Y. Zhu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Two Routes to Interoceptive Prioritisation: Dissociating Likelihood Precision and Preference Reweighting in Active Inference

An embodied agent must prioritise among competing bodily needs. In active inference, it can respond to an urgent need by increasing the precision of information about that need or by increasing its preference for outcomes that relieve it. We compare these two interventions, separately and together, in a foraging gridwo...

St John Grimbly, Nicolas Kuske, Evert A. Boonstra et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Beyond Successful Play: Diagnosing Opponent Modeling in Large Language Models

Language-model agents are expected to adapt to others whose behavior changes through interaction. Yet adaptation may rely on learned behavioral patterns rather than theory of mind (ToM): the ability to infer others'mental states, including beliefs and intentions. We introduce a benchmark and diagnostic framework for re...

Han-Bo Xie, Yue Zhao, Robert C. Wilson · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Perceptual Geometry of Natural Odor Mixtures from LLM-Derived Descriptors

The relationship between odor chemistry and perception remains incompletely understood. Many existing studies focus on the perception of single molecules, whereas natural odors contain tens to hundreds of components, adding extra layer of complexity to percept formation. Here, we explore the relationship between molecu...

Farhad Pashakhanloo, Venkatesh N. Murthy · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DyssomniaNN: Multi-Scale Spiking Neural Modeling of Human Sleep Disorders and Perceived Restedness

Clinical sleep medicine repeatedly documents profound divergences between objective sleep duration and subjective daytime impairment, notably exemplified by sleep state misperception in paradoxical insomnia and boundary instability in narcolepsy type 1. Here, we present DyssomniaNN: a multi-scale biophysical computatio...

Daniel Szelogowski · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cross-species representation learning aligns mouse and human neural dynamics and tracks clinical drug efficacy

Preclinical models poorly predict human drug efficacy, particularly in neurological disorders. Neural activity offers a uniquely rich source of translational information because it captures high-dimensional variation in nervous-system function that can be measured in both animals and humans. However, its high dimension...

Marko Tvrdic, Justin Richmond Domingo, Jae Ann Buenaluz et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Interpretable Memory Models for Spaced Repetition

Spaced repetition software schedules reviews with a memory model fit to review logs. Accuracy on a test set is not sufficient evidence of quality since available data are produced by existing schedulers, and new solutions must extrapolate beyond them. A model also needs a simple mechanistic interpretation. We present S...

Anders Schill · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Similar Predictive Fit but Different Latent Dynamics: Characterizing Learned Dynamical Structure in Personalized Models of Brain Disorders

As AI models move toward clinical decision-making and personalized treatment, understanding \emph{what} a model learns is important beyond predictive accuracy alone. We investigate whether personalized latent dynamics reveal clinically associated differences even when predictive fit is similar. A lightweight CNN--Trans...

Rita Huan-Ting Peng, Nhat Bui · 0 citations

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