small language model

DocuMind AI: A Document-Powered Question Answering System Using Semantic Retrieval

Users often need answers from lengthy documents without knowing the exact terms used in the source. DocuMind AI is a document question-answering prototype that combines semantic retrieval with large language model generation. It accepts PDF, DOCX, TXT, and Markdown files, extracts and splits their text, creates embeddi...

A Dual-Stage Vision–Language Framework for Dental Report Generation

Panoramic dental radiographs are routinely used for diagnosis and treatment planning, yet their interpretation remains time-consuming and highly dependent on clinical expertise. Although Vision–Language Models (VLMs) have shown promising capabilities for medical report generation, their application to dental radiology...

Rewriting Text for a Sign Language Avatar with Several Hundred Signs, What It Saves in Fingerspelling and What It Costs in Meaning

Some sign language avatars work like a phrase book. They play a recorded sign for each word in their dictionary and fingerspell the other meaningful words, such as nouns, verbs and names, spelling them letter by letter with the hand alphabet, which takes longer than signing. This paper measures how much an Internationa...

Teaching Translation of Phraseological Units Representing Family Values and Character Intelligence in The Great Gatsby

This article examines the teaching of culture-bound phraseological units in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby from a linguocultural and pedagogical perspective. The principal purpose is to develop and justify a didactic model designed to strengthen students’ translation competence and intercultural competence in h...

Efficacy and safety of Yangxin Dingji capsule as an adjunctive therapy for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Yangxin Dingji Capsule (YXDJ), a modern Chinese patent medicine derived from the classic Zhigancao Decoction, is commonly used as an adjuvant therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of YXDJ as an adjuvant therapy in AF patients. Materials and...

Few-shot email spam detection for low-resource languages: A setFit-based approach on Turkish and English datasets

Email spam detection in English has been studied extensively under full supervision, but for low-resource languages such as Turkish the largest public dataset is more than an order of magnitude smaller, and every existing Turkish spam detector assumes full supervision. This study asks whether spam can be detected from...

Answerability-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Enterprise Helpdesk Question Answering: An Empirical Study of Similarity Thresholds and Grounding Strategies

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems can improve question answering by grounding large language model responses in external documents. However, enterprise deployments require not only relevant answers but also reliable abstention when the available knowledge base lacks sufficient evidence. This study investigat...

Understanding Cross‑Lingual Model Behavior in Mental Health NLP: Evidence from English–Bengali Transformer Models

Understanding how machine learning models interpret mental health expressions across languages is essential for developing reliable, inclusive computational mental health systems. While transformer-based models have shown strong performance in English-language mental health detection, their interpretability and predi...

Language barriers in Canadian pharmacies: A review of interpretation services and health equity gaps in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Despite the Canada Health Act's emphasis on "reasonable access" to care, many newcomer patients for whom English is a second language face communication barriers when seeking medical treatment in Canada. This barrier is especially prevalent in Canadian pharmacies, where interpretation services are often limited or non-...

From Aligned Embeddings to Instruction-Following Perception: A Survey of Vision–Language Model Development

Recognizing an object from a text label, describing an unfamiliar scene, and following an instruction about a small image region require different forms of visual-language correspondence. The development of vision-language models can be understood through the effort to support these increasingly varied outputs. This su...

Small Language Model Log

Taking Self-Awareness Apart: A Structure-by-Structure Test of Introspection, Retention and the Self-Model in Language Models

Prompts, model responses, blind-coding files, pre-registrations, code and outputs for fifteen experiments testing introspection, retention and the self-model in language models structure by structure (Claude Opus 5 / 5.5, Sonnet 5.5, Haiku 4.5 / 5.5; Qwen2.5-1.5B/3B with LoRA fine-tuning and hidden-state probes; small...