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small language model

425 papers

#small language model Open access Aug 2026

CARE: conflict-aware regulation and evolution for continual test-time open-vocabulary semantic segmentation

A continual test-time adaptation framework that updates only a small subset of model parameters that consistently outperforms existing TTA and OVSS adaptation baselines across multiple datasets and corruptions, while maintaining stable performance over extended and cross-corruption continual streams without introducing additional trainable modules.

Fen Luo, Sen Li, Zhanqiang Huo · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

What students ask matters: LLM interaction depth, task quality, and immediate recall in higher education

The findings indicate a dissociation between performance quality and short-term recall in LLM-supported study, which aligns with cognitive-psychology evidence that elaboration improves comprehension while retrieval practice consolidates retention.

V. Tsiligkiris · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

PhysMLLMs: Spatial Priors for Unified Referring Segmentation and Grounded Reasoning of Images and Videos

PhysMLLMs is a training-stage prior injection architecture that injects physics-inspired spatial continuity priors into Video MLLMs, demonstrating that the injected spatial prior improves video consistency without compromising image-level grounding or general multimodal capability.

Siyao Yan, Bo Han, Jisheng Dang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Apodex 1.1: Scaling Agentic Intelligence for Complex Work

Apodex 1.1 reaches the leading performance band despite using a substantially smaller model than many frontier systems, and the 35B-parameter Apodex 1.1 Mini further retains strong working capability in a locally deployable form.

Apodex Team B. An, B. Li, B. Wang et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

MGQL: An Executable, Small-Step Semantics of GQL

MGQL is presented, the first mechanized, small-step operational semantics for a substantial read-only fragment of GQL that is grounded in the ISO/IEC 39075 standard, and it is proved that the type system is sound, ensuring an end-to-end guarantee of well-formed queries yielding results that conform to their declared schemas.

Aditya Thimmaiah, Tongtong Lin, Milos Gligoric · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

OPDSearch+: On-Policy Distillation with RL Refinement for Search-Augmented Reasoning

The role of a frozen off-the-shelf instruct model as the teacher in on-policy distillation is investigated, and a key insight is revealed: the teacher reshapes the student's policy distribution so that subsequent RL converges to a superior solution that RL alone cannot reach.

Qi Ye, Zhiyuan Gu, Jingjie Xia et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Dataset Scarcity Limits Robust Evaluation of Multilingual Embedding Models: A Case Study of Slavic Languages

A two-dimensional framework, specifically tailored for analyzing multilingual embedding benchmarks under dataset scarcity, is proposed and applied on the Slavic-language subset of the MTEB benchmark, revealing severe benchmark sparsity.

Ana Gjorgjevikj, B. Seljak, T. Eftimov · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Low-Rank Ternary Adaptation for Fine-Tuning Transformers

Ternary multiplicative adaptation is proposed, which represents discrete updates of ternary weights such as sign flips or zeroing through a low-rank Kronecker factorization into two small ternary matrices applied element-wise to ternary weights.

Alexandru-Dragos Manolache, Yun-qiang Li, Jan van Gemert · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

When Do Supervised UQ Ensembles Improve LLM Hallucination Detection? A Robustness Study

A supervised ensembling framework that trains a classifier over heterogeneous UQ-based scorer outputs on a small, domain-specific dataset of labeled LLM responses, then applies it to out-of-sample hallucination classification without retrieval, tools, or reference documents is studied.

Mohit Singh Chauhan, Vipin Gyanchandani, Dylan Bouchard · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Parason: Revealing Subtask and Trial Parallelism in LLM Reasoning

Parason is introduced, which reveals and learns both forms of parallelism in LLM reasoning, and identifies Trial Parallelism as the majority of parallelizable reasoning computation, and it becomes increasingly dominant on hard problems.

Zhengyang Zhang, Zijian Zhang, Jiaxuan Gao et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

Mechanical Contact Conditions in Wearable Reflectance Photoplethysmography: Scoping Review.

A multilevel conceptual pathway in wearable reflectance PPG is supported, in which mechanical conditions at the sensor-skin interface are associated with changes in PPG signal characteristics, derived features, and, in a smaller body of studies, downstream physiological estimation.

Chenxi Yang, Jiahang Xie, Zifei He et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Aug 31, 2026

GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash: Toward population-scale discovery with efficient pathology foundation models

What if pathology foundation models could do more with less? GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash cut computational demands while maintaining strong performance, opening the door to larger studies and broader exploration. The post GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash: Toward population-scale discovery with efficient pathology foundation models appeared first on Microsoft Research.