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small language model

3,629 papers

Stacking Approaches for Multi-Label Emotion Recognition in Persian Using Large and Small Transformer Models

A hybrid model, termed SE_LLM_ST, is introduced, which leverages recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and transformer-based architectures to effectively capture both contextual and sequential information vital for Persian emotion recognition.

Toktam Khatibi, Elham Farahani · 0 citations

MEPO-SLM: multi-objective evolutionary prompt optimization for energy-efficient small language models on edge devices

MEPO-SLM is presented, a framework that reformulates prompt engineering for SLMs as a four-objective Pareto problem over task inaccuracy, and Phi-3-mini and Gemma-2B on English TriviaQA and Arabic medical QA, and TinyLlama-1.1B on TriviaQA only are evaluated.

Yousef K. Sanjalawe, Salam R. Al-E'mari, S. Makhadmeh · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

From Authorial Mathematics to Studio Mathematics:Ecobiontic Forms of Proof after Large Language Models

Mathematics has often been organized around an authorial subject: one person, or a small group, composing proofs through language, notation, and judgment. Large language models, proof assistants, formal libraries, and repositories now make another production unit technically credible: a human-machine assemblage. This a...

Oliver López Corona · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

SchemaGUI: A Schema-Driven Benchmark for Controllable GUI Generation Evaluation

SchemaGUI, a template-based benchmark for controllable GUI generation evaluation, synthesizing paired natural language instructions and deterministic function-call references from parameterized interface schemas can generate thousands of deterministically annotated tasks in seconds without human labeling.

Jiarui Dong, Yin Cai, Zhouhong Gu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Small Reasoning Models are Instruction Followers in Function Calling

This work introduces Instruction-Followed Function Calling (IFFC), a novel framework that decouples function-calling logic from the primary LLM and delegates it to a dedicated smaller model operating within the instruction-following paradigm, establishing a new paradigm for reliable, resource-efficient function calling...

Yalda Taheri, Mohammad Hassan Heydari, Erfan Naaman et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Dual-Layer Agentic Memory with Fast Write Routing and Slow Consolidation

Dual-Layer Agentic Memory is proposed, a framework that shifts memory management to the write phase through cost-aware epistemic routing and periodic parametric consolidation, allowing the router to adaptively suppress redundant writes as the model's epistemic boundaries evolve.

Wen-Zhi Li, Dong Nie, Ruiyi Lan et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Evaluation of Small Vision-Language Models on Qualitative Mechanical Problems

Two state-of-the-art multimodal models, Gemma-3 and Qwen-VL, are assessed on their ability to interpret mechanical problem images by eliciting a step-by-step chain of thought (CoT) and a final answer, and final answers are compared to verified solutions to measure accuracy.

Henry Fordjour Ansah, Shreya Banerjee, Pranish Ghimire · 0 citations
#large language models Book Open access Aug 2026

NeuroPrefetcher: Storage-Aware Sparse LLM Inference via Delta Prefetching

NeuroPrefetcher is presented, a storage-backed LLM inference system that exploits that MLP activity during autoregressive decoding has strong temporal locality, and achieves 7.9-12.0x speedup over llama.cpp across constrained memory budgets.

Nobel Dhar, Md Romyull Islam, Xue-Chen Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

ROS2SmolVLA: Enabling Small Vision-Language-Action Models for Integration into Industrial-Grade Lightweight Robots

This work adapts Hugging Face's SmolVLA for Universal Robots lightweight robots, and releases the open-source repository ROS2SmolVLA that implements an interface for ROS 2 to SmolVLA, and makes it applicable for industrial-grade hardware.

Nils Mandischer, Noah Böckmann, Ludwig Holl et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

SEAM: Shot Entity-Attribute Memory for Consistent Short-Drama Generation at Scale

A training-free, model-agnostic memory graph that repairs continuity entirely at the prompt-text layer by extracting a multi-dimensional state for every shot, retrieving only causally prior context over the resulting graph, filtering it selectively, and injecting the surviving constraints by natural-language prompt rew...

Jiaqi Liu, Maolin Ran, Xiaoyan Lu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Grounding Isn't Knowing: Do VLMs Need Object Localization for Spatial Reasoning?

This work investigates two representative model families, LLaVA-1.5 and Qwen2.5, and provides a token-, layer-, and head-level account of how VLMs transform object grounding into spatial relations, showing that knowing where objects are is not equivalent to knowing how they relate.

Xi-Wei Liu, Yu-Long Li, Xin-Lin Zhuang et al. · 1 citation

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