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small language model

3,445 papers

#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Auditing Protein-Protein Interaction Signals with Sparse Autoencoder Fingerprints

Protein language models have become a dominant foundation for sequence-based protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction, but their generalization remains limited under stringent evaluation, and benchmark accuracy alone cannot reveal whether a PPI predictor learns partner-specific biological signals or exploits contex...

Weimin Zhu, Shengfan Wang, Xiaojian Liu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

ΨLM-2: A Constitution Bridge and Dual-Channel Operation on a Frozen Language Model

A frozen language model can be coupled to a frozen partner model through small trainable latent bridges, with no text at the interface: Furui [5] builds such a system around a physics partner, where the quantity being carried is a number the partner computes. This paper asks whether the same channel can carry a disposi...

Ryoji Furui · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

A hybrid human-AI collaborative workflow for digital heritage interpretation: a case study on the “Dongdong Push” Nuo mask

With the development of generative artificial intelligence (AIGC), its application in human–AI collaborative design has attracted increasing attention. However, in the process of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) digital revitalisation and cultural product design, systematic research on balancing traditional cultura...

Xin-Bao Xiao, Qing-Xin Liu, Jin-Feng Wang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

PREreview of "RepoRescue: An Empirical Study of LLM Agents on Whole-Repository Compatibility Rescue"

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23111062. Summary This paper introduces compatibility rescue: adapting a repository that demonstrably worked in its historical environment but fails after runtime/dependency drift (...

Karmendra Pandey · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

PREreview of "RepoRescue: An Empirical Study of LLM Agents on Whole-Repository Compatibility Rescue"

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23111062. Summary This paper introduces compatibility rescue: adapting a repository that demonstrably worked in its historical environment but fails after runtime/dependency drift (...

Karmendra Pandey · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

The Birth of Dimensions: A Formal Skeleton

Some inaccuracies were found, so this version has been closed. I will try to adjust the presentation over the next couple of days. This work presents a formal skeleton of the model developed in the book Process and Observer: The Birth of Dimensions and the Observable Picture of the World. It is not an independent theor...

Sergey Skrynnik · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

PREreview of "Design and Implementation of a Self-Service Kiosk with Embedded Analytics and Demand Forecasting for Small Retail Decision Support"

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23108434. Major issues Reliance on simulated rather than real-world retail data limits the generalization of the study. Limited validation with actual small retail users or operatio...

Mabel Bolajoko Omoniwa, Bankole Adedeji, Abdulrazaq Haneefat opeyemi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

A Transposed Bock–Aitkin EM Algorithm for Item Response Models with Many Items and Few Subjects

Large language model benchmarks often contain many more items than evaluated systems. We develop a transposed Bock–Aitkin EM algorithm for 1PL and 2PL random-item models, including correlated difficulty and log discrimination. Capabilities are structural parameters; item effects are integrated over a normal population....

Preston Botter, Christopher Stewart · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

A hybrid machine learning framework integrating persian NLP for occupational risk classification in steel manufacturing

Human error remains a leading cause of occupational accidents in high-risk industries, yet traditional risk assessment methods often overlook valuable information embedded in unstructured textual data. This study develops and validates a hybrid machine learning framework combining structured risk data with Natural Lang...

Ensieh Sadat Alamshah, Maryam Soleimani-Alyar, Saber Moradi Hanifi et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Development of Comic-Assisted Interactive Media to Improve Learning Outcomes on Lithosphere Material in Grade X Geography: A Contribution to Quality Education (SDG 4)

Findings indicate that the comic-assisted interactive media developed for Grade X geography is valid, practical, and potentially effective for supporting visualization, self-assessment, and teacher-facilitated discussion of lithosphere concepts.

M. Magdalena, Zelhendri Zen, Abna Hidayati et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

The Birth of Dimensions: A Formal Skeleton

Some inaccuracies were found, so this version has been closed. I will try to adjust the presentation over the next couple of days. This work presents a formal skeleton of the model developed in the book Process and Observer: The Birth of Dimensions and the Observable Picture of the World. It is not an independent theor...

Sergey Skrynnik · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Problem Choice Without a Referee: An Automated Novelty Check Certifies an Empty Search, a Rediscovery Benchmark Credits the Hypothesis Humans Found Next, and Every Located Referee of Worth Independent of Proposer and Field Needs the Objective Given

(c) 2026 Pranay Mahendrakar. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Pipelines that claim to automate scientific discovery gate their search on a judgement that a proposed idea or problem is novel and worth pursuing. The best-controlled evidence on that judgement points two ways at once: in a blind study involving more than one hund...

Pranay M. Mahendrakar · 0 citations

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