Development of Comic-Assisted Interactive Media to Improve Learning Outcomes on Lithosphere Material in Grade X Geography: A Contribution to Quality Education (SDG 4)
Abstract
Lithosphere processes are difficult to observe directly, while teacher-centered instruction and static media limit students' conceptual understanding. This study developed comic-assisted interactive media for Grade X geography and evaluated its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Research and development followed the ADDIE model. The product was created with Lumi Education as an H5P Interactive Book that integrated sequential comics, interactive videos, image hotspots, and quizzes with immediate feedback. Three experts assessed validity; one geography teacher and students evaluated practicality in small-group and whole-class trials; and 36 students participated in a one-group pretest-posttest evaluation. The media was highly valid for material (95.00%), media design (100.00%), and language (98.00%). Practicality was also high for the teacher (98.00%) and students in both the small-group and whole-class trials (97.00%). The mean score increased from 60.67 to 89.63; the Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated a significant paired difference (p < .001), and the mean normalized gain was 0.73 (high). These findings indicate that the media is valid, practical, and potentially effective for supporting visualization, self-assessment, and teacher-facilitated discussion of lithosphere concepts