A New Option for the Management of Dyslipidemias: Advances in Research on the Small Interfering RNA Drug Inclisiran

Abstract

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Numerous studies have shown that lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current data indicate that 80% of patients with ASCVD do not achieve the LDL-C targets recommended by clinical guidelines. Nearly 15% of patients with hypercholesterolemia exhibit statin intolerance, with some experiencing severe adverse reactions such as liver function abnormalities and rhabdomyolysis. Statins require daily administration, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies should be injected 12 to 26 times annually. Frequent dosing reduces patient adherence. This review comprehensively discusses inclisiran, the first lipid-lowering small interfering RNA (siRNA) drug, focusing on the associated mechanism of action, pharmacology, clinical trial data, efficacy, safety, use in special populations, and adverse effects. The objective is to provide evidence to guide the appropriate clinical use of inclisiran, a novel option for lipid-lowering therapy. Inclisiran may represent another milestone in the treatment of dyslipidemia.