Adaptive Gamification Model Using Scratch to Enhance Computational Thinking and Real-World Case-Handling Skills in Higher Education

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate an adaptive gamification model using Scratch to enhance computational thinking (CT) and real-world case-handling skills among university students. Grounded in the ADDIE development framework, the model was implemented in a quasi-experimental setting involving control and experimental groups. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, reflective journals, and observation rubrics focusing on CT dimensions (decomposition, abstraction, algorithm design, etc.) and problem-handling performance. Quantitative results showed a significant increase in the experimental group’s scores compared to the control group. Chi-Square analysis also revealed a significant association between the instructional model and students’ success rates, confirming the model’s effectiveness. Qualitative findings supported these results, highlighting increased motivation, cognitive engagement, and the ability to translate coding concepts into real-life scenarios. This study concludes that adaptive gamification fosters deeper learning and practical skill development in programming education.